- 1 - 50 out of 57,389 results
- Publication Year, Title (descending)
2019
1.5 Minute-synthesis of continuous graphene films by chemical vapor deposition on Cu foils rolled in three dimensions
Nagai, Y., Sugime, H. & Noda, S., 2019 Jun 29, In : Chemical Engineering Science. 201, p. 319-324 6 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Graphite
Graphene
Metal foil
Chemical vapor deposition
Productivity
1
Citation
(Scopus)
2-Isopropylbenzimidazole and 2-methylbenzimidazole as bulky proton sources: Stereoselective protonation and application to the synthesis of γ- and δ-lactones
Sengupta, A. & Hosokawa, S., 2019 Jan 31, In : Tetrahedron Letters. 60, 5, p. 411-414 4 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Imides
Protonation
Lactones
Protons
Betula
300-GHz CMOS transceiver for terahertz wireless communication
Hara, S., Takano, K., Katayama, K., Dong, R., Lee, S., Watanabe, I., Sekine, N., Kasamatsu, A., Yoshida, T., Amakawa, S. & Fujishima, M., 2019 Jan 16, 2018 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, APMC 2018 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 429-431 3 p. 8617468. (Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC; vol. 2018-November).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Transceivers
Frequency bands
Communication
Silicon
3D Printing Amorphous Polysiloxane Terpolymers via Vat Photopolymerization
Sirrine, J. M., Zlatanic, A., Meenakshisundaram, V., Messman, J. M., Williams, C. B., Dvornic, P. R. & Long, T. E., 2019 Jan 1, (Accepted/In press) In : Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 1800425.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
3D printers
Siloxanes
Photopolymers
polysiloxanes
Terpolymers
400-Gb/s DMT-SDM transmission based on membrane DML-array-on-silicon
Diamantopoulos, N. P., Shikama, K., Nishi, H., Fujii, T., Kishi, T., Takeda, K., Abe, Y., Matsui, T., Kakitsuka, T., Fukuda, H., Nakajima, K. & Matsuo, S., 2019 Apr 15, In : Journal of Lightwave Technology. 37, 8, p. 1805-1812 8 p., 8570776.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
electric power transmission
Electric power transmission
laser arrays
Error correction
multiplexing
A 16-GHz-band low-supply-voltage class-C VCO IC with switching feedback circuit in 40-nm SOI CMOS
Fang, M., Xu, X. & Yoshimasu, T., 2019 Jan 16, 2018 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, APMC 2018 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 1121-1123 3 p. 8617368. (Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC; vol. 2018-November).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Variable frequency oscillators
Feedback
Networks (circuits)
Electric potential
Phase noise
A 2.5-Ghz 1-V high efficiency CMOS power amplifier IC with a dual-switching transistor and third harmonic tuning technique
Kurniawan, T. A. & Yoshimasu, T., 2019 Jan 1, In : Electronics (Switzerland). 8, 1, 69.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Power amplifiers
Transistors
Tuning
Electric potential
Drain current
A balloon-borne very long baseline interferometry experiment in the stratosphere: Systems design and developments
Doi, A., Kono, Y., Kimura, K., Nakahara, S., Oyama, T., Okada, N., Satou, Y., Yamashita, K., Matsumoto, N., Baba, M., Yasuda, D., Suzuki, S., Hasegawa, Y., Honma, M., Tanaka, H., Ishimura, K., Murata, Y., Shimomukai, R., Tachi, T., Saito, K. & 16 others, 2019 Jan 1, In : Advances in Space Research. 63, 1, p. 779-793 15 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Upper atmosphere
Balloons
very long baseline interferometry
balloons
stratosphere
Acceleration of Gaussian Filter with Short Window Length Using DCT-1
Yano, T., Sugimoto, K., Kuroki, Y. & Kamata, S., 2019 Mar 4, 2018 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA ASC 2018 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 129-132 4 p. 8659511. (2018 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA ASC 2018 - Proceedings).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Discrete cosine transforms
Convolution
Pixels
Computational complexity
Experiments
Accessible-Design Standards for Consumer Products Developed in ISO/TC 159/SC 4/WG 10
Kurakata, K., 2019 Jan 1, Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018) - Volume VII: Ergonomics in Design, Design for All, Activity Theories for Work Analysis and Design, Affective Design. Bagnara, S., Tartaglia, R., Albolino, S., Alexander, T. & Fujita, Y. (eds.). Springer-Verlag, p. 1553-1557 5 p. (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing; vol. 824).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Consumer products
User interfaces
Accuracy in Pinch Force Control Can Be Altered by Static Magnetic Field Stimulation Over the Primary Motor Cortex
Nakagawa, K., Sasaki, A. & Nakazawa, K., 2019 Jan 1, (Accepted/In press) In : Neuromodulation.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Motor Cortex
Magnetic Fields
Hand
Sensory Feedback
Magnets
Accurate OD Traffic Matrix Estimation Based on Resampling of Observed Flow Data
Kase, S., Tsuru, M. & Uchida, M., 2019 Mar 4, 2018 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA ASC 2018 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 1574-1579 6 p. 8659531. (2018 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA ASC 2018 - Proceedings).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Internet
Packet networks
Routers
Probability distributions
Large scale systems
A Convolutional Auto-Encoder Method for Anomaly Detection on System Logs
Cui, Y., Sun, Y., Furuzuki, T. & Sheng, G., 2019 Jan 16, Proceedings - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2018. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 3057-3062 6 p. 8616515. (Proceedings - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2018).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Support vector machines
Ant colony optimization
Macros
Learning systems
Genes
Activity modification in heat: critical assessment of guidelines across athletic, occupational, and military settings in the USA
Hosokawa, Y., Casa, D. J., Trtanj, J. M., Belval, L. N., Deuster, P. A., Giltz, S. M., Grundstein, A. J., Hawkins, M. D., Huggins, R. A., Jacklitsch, B., Jardine, J. F., Jones, H., Kazman, J. B., Reynolds, M. E., Stearns, R. L., Vanos, J. K., Williams, A. L. & Williams, W. J., 2019 Mar 15, In : International Journal of Biometeorology. 63, 3, p. 405-427 23 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
Sports
Hot Temperature
Guidelines
safety
risk factor
Acute effect of increased arterial stiffness with high-intensity resistance exercise on cerebral blood flow
Nakamura, N., Ikemura, T. & Muraoka, I., 2019 Apr 1, In : Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche. 178, 4, p. 195-202 8 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Cerebrovascular Circulation
Vascular Stiffness
Exercise
Adaptation to sea level rise on low coral islands: Lessons from recent events
Esteban, M., Jamero, M. L., Nurse, L., Yamamoto, L., Takagi, H., Thao, N. D., Mikami, T., Kench, P., Onuki, M., Nellas, A., Crichton, R., Valenzuela, V. P., Chadwick, C., Avelino, J. E., Tan, N. & Shibayama, T., 2019 Feb 1, In : Ocean and Coastal Management. 168, p. 35-40 6 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
sea level
corals
coral
earthquakes
subsidence
Adhesive pyramidal thorn patches provide pain relief to athletes
Saito, N., Shima, R., Yen, C. T., Yang, R. C., Ito, E. & Yoshioka, T., 2019 Jan 1, In : Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Open Access
Athletes
Adhesives
Pain
Merkel Cells
Hair Follicle
A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, linagliptin, attenuates cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction independently of DPP-4
Yamaguchi, T., Watanabe, A., Tanaka, M., Shiota, M., Osada-Oka, M., Sano, S., Yoshiyama, M., Miura, K., Kitajima, S., Matsunaga, S., Tomita, S., Iwao, H. & Izumi, Y., 2019 Jan 1, (Accepted/In press) In : Journal of Pharmacological Sciences.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4
Myocardial Infarction
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
Transforming Growth Factors
Adsorption mechanisms of chromate and phosphate on hydrotalcite: A combination of macroscopic and spectroscopic studies
Hsu, L. C., Tzou, Y. M., Chiang, P. N., Fu, W. M., Wang, M. K., Teah, H. Y. & Liu, Y. T., 2019 Apr 1, In : Environmental Pollution. 247, p. 180-187 8 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
hydrotalcite
Chromates
Adsorption
Phosphates
Complexation
Adversarial autoencoder for reducing nonlinear distortion
Tawara, N., Kobayashi, T., Fujieda, M., Katagiri, K., Yazu, T. & Ogawa, T., 2019 Mar 4, 2018 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA ASC 2018 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 1669-1673 5 p. 8659540. (2018 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA ASC 2018 - Proceedings).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Nonlinear distortion
Speech intelligibility
Speech enhancement
Acoustic waves
Processing
A face vector - the point instruction-type interface for manipulation of an extended body in dual-task situations
Iwasaki, Y. & Iwata, H., 2019 Jan 14, 2018 IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems, CBS 2018. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 662-666 5 p. 8612275. (2018 IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems, CBS 2018).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Manipulation
Face
Path
Modality
Usability
A framework for multi-language service design with the language grid
Lin, D., Murakami, Y. & Ishida, T., 2019 Jan 1, LREC 2018 - 11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Isahara, H., Maegaard, B., Piperidis, S., Cieri, C., Declerck, T., Hasida, K., Mazo, H., Choukri, K., Goggi, S., Mariani, J., Moreno, A., Calzolari, N., Odijk, J. & Tokunaga, T. (eds.). European Language Resources Association (ELRA), p. 3276-3281 6 p. (LREC 2018 - 11th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Human computer interaction
language
Communication
Studios
Glossaries
Age-related differences in kinematics and kinetics of sprinting in young female
Nagahara, R., Haramura, M., Takai, Y., Oliver, J. L., Wichitaksorn, N., Sommerfield, L. M. & Cronin, J. B., 2019 Jan 1, In : Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Biomechanical Phenomena
Growth
Aptitude
Nuclear Family
Age Groups
Age relative to school class peers and emotional well-being in 10-year-olds
Ando, S., Usami, S., Matsubayashi, T., Ueda, M., Koike, S., Yamasaki, S., Fujikawa, S., Sasaki, T., Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., Patton, G., Kasai, K. & Nishida, A., 2019 Mar 1, In : PloS one. 14, 3, e0214359.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Open Access
peers
academic achievement
Bullying
Linear regression
Regression analysis
Aging and deflation from a fiscal perspective
Katagiri, M., Konishi, H. & Ueda, K., 2019 Jan 1, In : Journal of Monetary Economics.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Open Access
Fiscal
Deflation
National debt
Fiscal theory of the price level
Economics
Aiding autobiographical memory by using wearable devices
Wang, J. & Tanaka, J., 2019 Jan 1, Advances in Information and Communication Networks - Proceedings of the 2018 Future of Information and Communication Conference FICC, Vol. 2. Bhatia, R., Kapoor, S. & Arai, K. (eds.). Springer-Verlag, p. 534-545 12 p. (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing; vol. 887).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Cameras
Data storage equipment
Hot Temperature
A larger country sets a lower optimal tariff
Naito, T., 2019 Jan 1, In : Review of International Economics.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
revenue
welfare
tariff
decomposition
effect
1
Citation
(Scopus)
Alerting to Rare Large-Scale Ramp Events in Wind Power Generation
Fujimoto, Y., Takahashi, Y. & Hayashi, Y., 2019 Jan 1, In : IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 10, 1, p. 55-65 11 p., 8331103.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Wind power
Power generation
Sampling
Supervised learning
Power plants
A low-protein diet eliminates the circadian rhythm of serum insulin and hepatic lipid metabolism in mice
Yokota, S. I., Nakamura, K., Ando, M., Haraguchi, A., Omori, K. & Shibata, S., 2019 Jan 1, In : Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 63, p. 177-185 9 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Protein-Restricted Diet
Nutrition
Circadian Rhythm
Lipid Metabolism
Insulin
Altered auditory feedback perception following an 8-week mindfulness meditation practice
Miyashiro, D., Toyomura, A., Haitani, T. & Kumano, H., 2019 Apr 1, In : International Journal of Psychophysiology. 138, p. 38-46 9 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Auditory Perception
Mindfulness
Meditation
Sensory Feedback
Auditory Evoked Potentials
A method of producing genetically manipulated mouse mammary gland
Tagaya, H., Ishikawa, K., Hosokawa, Y., Kobayashi, S., Ueoka, Y., Shimada, M., Ohashi, Y., Mikami, H., Yamamoto, M., Ihara, T., Kumazawa, K., Sugihara, K., Goshima, N., Watanabe, S. & Senba, K., 2019 Jan 5, In : Breast cancer research : BCR. 21, 1, 1 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Human Mammary Glands
Gene Transfer Techniques
Doxycycline
Carcinogenesis
Gene Expression
A Metric Learning Method for Improving Neural Network Based Kernel Learning for SVM
Liang, P., Yao, X. & Furuzuki, T., 2019 Jan 16, Proceedings - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2018. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 1641-1646 6 p. 8616280. (Proceedings - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2018).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Distance Education
Learning
Neural networks
Linear networks
Classifiers
A Mix Integer Programming Model for Bi-objective Single Machine with Total Weighted Tardiness and Electricity Cost under Time-of-use Tariffs
Kurniawan, B., Gozali, A. A., Weng, W. & Fujimura, S., 2019 Jan 9, 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, IEEM 2018. IEEE Computer Society, p. 137-141 5 p. 8607420. (IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management; vol. 2019-December).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Integer programming
Electricity
Costs
Genetic algorithms
Scheduling
Amplifierless PAM-4/PAM-8 transmissions in O-band using a directly modulated laser for optical data-center interconnects
Diamantopoulos, N. P., Kobayashi, W., Nishi, H., Takeda, K., Kakitsuka, T. & Matsuo, S., 2019 Jan 1, In : Optics Letters. 44, 1, p. 9-12 4 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
pulse amplitude modulation
Pulse amplitude modulation
pulse amplitude
Single mode fibers
Lasers
Analyse numérique des caractéristiques de régulation des systèmes de pompe à chaleur à débit de frigorigène variable en se concentrant sur l'effet du détendeur et du ventilateur intérieur
Matsumoto, K., Ohno, K., Yamaguchi, S. & Saito, K., 2019 Mar 1, In : International Journal of Refrigeration. 99, p. 440-452 13 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Plant expansion
Heat pump systems
Fans
Numerical analysis
Flow of fluids
Analysis of body pressure distribution on car seats by using deep learning
Mitsuya, R., Kato, K., Kou, N., Nakamura, T., Sugawara, K., Dobashi, H., Sugita, T. & Kawai, T., 2019 Feb 1, In : Applied Ergonomics. 75, p. 283-287 5 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Seats
Pressure distribution
Railroad cars
Learning
Body Size
Analysis of generation and arrival time of landslide tsunami to Palu City due to the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake
Takagi, H., Pratama, M. B., Kurobe, S., Esteban, M., Aránguiz, R. & Ke, B., 2019 Jan 1, In : Landslides.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Tsunamis
generation time
Landslides
arrival time
tsunami
Analysis of health changes and the association of health indicators in the elderly using TCM pulse diagnosis assisted with ICT devices: A time series study
Zhou, S., Ogihara, A., Nishimura, S. & Jin, Q., 2019 Apr 1, In : European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 27, p. 105-113 9 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Communication
Technology
Equipment and Supplies
Health
Health Status
Analysis of the effect of surface wettability on hydrogen evolution reaction in water electrolysis using micro-patterned electrodes
Fujimura, T., Hikima, W., Fukunaka, Y. & Homma, T., 2019 Apr 1, In : Electrochemistry Communications. 101, p. 43-46 4 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Open Access
Electrolysis
Wetting
Hydrogen
Electrodes
Water
Analytical models for sand onset under field conditions
Papamichos, E. & Furui, K., 2019 Jan 1, In : Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 172, p. 171-189 19 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Analytical models
Sand
sand
perforation
drawdown
Analyzing Human Avoidance Behavior in Narrow Passage
Nakatsuka, T., Miyake, T., Kikuchi, K., Kobayashi, A. & Hayashi, Y., 2019 Jan 16, Proceedings - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2018. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 3738-3743 6 p. 8616630. (Proceedings - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2018).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Avoidance Learning
Robots
Smartphones
Experiments
Aptitude
An application of photoactivatable substrate for the evaluation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibitors
Nakanishi, J., Sugiyama, K., Matsuo, H., Takahashi, Y. K., Mura, S. O. & Nakashima, T., 2019 Jan 1, In : Analytical Sciences. 35, 1, p. 65-69 5 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Open Access
Transforming Growth Factor beta
Cell adhesion
Substrates
Metabolites
Gold
An efficient codebook-based beam training technique for millimeter-wave communication systems
Okoth, P. J., Nguyen, N. Q., Dhakal, D. R., Nozaki, D., Yamada, Y. & Sato, T., 2019 Jan 16, 2018 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, APMC 2018 - Proceedings. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 666-668 3 p. 8617193. (Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC; vol. 2018-November).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Channel state information
Beamforming
Antenna arrays
Millimeter waves
Communication systems
An efficient private evaluation of a decision graph
Sudo, H., Nuida, K. & Shimizu, K., 2019 Jan 1, Information Security and Cryptology – ICISC 2018 - 21st International Conference, Revised Selected Papers. Lee, K. (ed.). Springer-Verlag, p. 143-160 18 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); vol. 11396 LNCS).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Laptop computers
Communication
Evaluation
Graph in graph theory
Data structures
An Ergonomic Evaluation of Elevating the Work Desk: The Relationship of Sitting Work with Standing Work
Mitsuya, R., Nakamura, K., Sugita, T., Ozawa, N., Yaita, T. & Kawai, T., 2019 Jan 1, Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors - Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2018. Springer-Verlag, p. 225-233 9 p. (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing; vol. 789).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
Ergonomics
Productivity
Swelling
Industry
An FPGA implementation method based on distributed-register architectures
Fujiwara, K., Kawamura, K., Yanagisawa, M. & Togawa, N., 2019 Feb 1, In : IPSJ Transactions on System LSI Design Methodology. 12, p. 38-41 4 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Open Access
Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)
Networks (circuits)
Angle dependence of synthesized BiOI prepared by dip coating and its effect on the photovoltaic performance
Putri, A. A., Kato, S., Kishi, N. & Soga, T., 2019 Feb 1, In : Japanese journal of applied physics. 58, SA, SAAD09.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Open Access
coating
Adsorption
Coatings
Thick films
Stretching
An improved SSO algorithm for cyber-enabled tumor risk analysis based on gene selection
Ye, C., Pan, J. & Jin, Q., 2019 Mar 1, In : Future Generation Computer Systems. 92, p. 407-418 12 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Risk analysis
Tumors
Genes
Gene expression
Experiments
Ankle and Foot Mechanism Mimicking Joint Stiffness and Following Motion Based on Human
Otani, T., Hashimoto, K., Natsuhara, A., Sakaguchi, M., Kawakami, Y., Lim, H. O. & Takanishi, A., 2019 Jan 1, CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, Courses and Lectures. Springer International Publishing, p. 86-93 8 p. (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, Courses and Lectures; vol. 584).Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter
Landing
Stiffness
Robots
Leaf springs
Motion
A novel base-station selection strategy for cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communications
Hua, Q., Yu, K., Wen, Z. & Sato, T., 2019 Feb 8, In : Applied Sciences (Switzerland). 9, 3, 556.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
Open Access
Base stations
vehicles
stations
communication
Femtocell