A comprehensive study of sanding rate from a gas field: From reservoir, completion, production, to surface facilities

An offshore gas field has been producing sand for a few years. Sand production has been closely monitored through acoustic flowline devices and a sand collection system installed on the platforms. Observation of sand production has triggered evaluation of whether to install surface desanders or complete future wells with downhole sand control. This evaluation requires a prediction of sanding rate over the reservoir life. The possibility of providing downhole sand control on existing wells was also evaluated in separate studies. Predicting sanding rate, particularly for gas fields, has been historically challenging, mainly because of the sporadic nature of sand production, inadequate quantification of fundamental physics, and lack of representative lab tests, and reliable field calibration. To tackle these challenges, four studies have been designed and executed, including 1) the development of a reliable log-based rock strength estimate; 2) the prediction of sanding rate over the reservoir life for a conservative well condition; 3) the evaluation of sand particle transport from the reservoir to the surface facilities; and 4) the estimate of potential erosion of platform facilities. The sanding rate prediction is based on extensive laboratory tests of four carefully selected whole cores, with gas and water flow. It has then been validated by field monitoring data from an acoustic flowline device on each producer and a sand collection system on the platforms. The studies have provided a prediction of future sand production, how much of the produced sand will be seen at the surface (and therefore how much of it will fall into the rathole), how fast various components of the surface facility will erode over the field life, and what will be the optimal completion strategy for sand control should it become necessary. They have provided input to an integrated evaluation of completion design, reservoir management, platform configuration, and field economics.