TY - JOUR
T1 - Altered frontal pole development affects self-generated spatial working memory in ADHD
AU - Arai, Sumiyoshi
AU - Okamoto, Yuko
AU - Fujioka, Toru
AU - Inohara, Keisuke
AU - Ishitobi, Makoto
AU - Matsumura, Yukiko
AU - Jung, Minyoung
AU - Kawamura, Kaori
AU - Takiguchi, Shinichiro
AU - Tomoda, Akemi
AU - Wada, Yuji
AU - Hiratani, Michio
AU - Matsuura, Naomi
AU - Kosaka, Hirotaka
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded in part by Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists B from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15K19718). A part of this study was the result of the Center of Community by the MEXT, and the “Integrated research on neuropsychiatric disorders” performed under the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences from MEXT and AMED.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology
PY - 2016/5/1
Y1 - 2016/5/1
N2 - Background Spatial working memory (SWM) dysfunction is a feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies suggested that behavioral performance in self-generated SWM improves through development in children with and without ADHD. Nevertheless, developmental changes in the neural underpinnings of self-generated SWM are unknown. Method Using near-infrared spectroscopy, hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was measured in 30 children with ADHD (9.5 ± 1.6 years-old) and 35 TD children (9.0 ± 1.6 years-old) while they performed a self-generated SWM task. We then investigated correlations between age and behavioral performance, and between age and hemodynamic activity in the PFC for each group. Results Both groups showed a negative correlation with age and number of errors [ADHD: r(28) = −0.37, p = 0.040; TD: r(33) = −0.59, p < 0.001], indicating that self-generated SWM improves through development. The TD group showed a positive correlation between age and oxygenated hemoglobin in the frontal pole [10ch: r(33) = 0.41, p = 0.013; 11ch; r(33) = 0.44, p = 0.008] and bilateral lateral PFC [4ch: r(33) = 0.34, p = 0.049; 13ch; r(33) = 0.54, p = 0.001], while no significant correlation was found in the ADHD group. Furthermore, regression slopes for the frontal pole significantly differed between the TD and ADHD groups [10ch: t(61) = 2.35, p = 0.021; 11ch: t(61) = 2.05, p = 0.044]. Conclusion Children with ADHD showed abnormalities in functional maturation of the frontal pole, which plays a role in manipulating and maintaining information associated with self-generated behavior.
AB - Background Spatial working memory (SWM) dysfunction is a feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies suggested that behavioral performance in self-generated SWM improves through development in children with and without ADHD. Nevertheless, developmental changes in the neural underpinnings of self-generated SWM are unknown. Method Using near-infrared spectroscopy, hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was measured in 30 children with ADHD (9.5 ± 1.6 years-old) and 35 TD children (9.0 ± 1.6 years-old) while they performed a self-generated SWM task. We then investigated correlations between age and behavioral performance, and between age and hemodynamic activity in the PFC for each group. Results Both groups showed a negative correlation with age and number of errors [ADHD: r(28) = −0.37, p = 0.040; TD: r(33) = −0.59, p < 0.001], indicating that self-generated SWM improves through development. The TD group showed a positive correlation between age and oxygenated hemoglobin in the frontal pole [10ch: r(33) = 0.41, p = 0.013; 11ch; r(33) = 0.44, p = 0.008] and bilateral lateral PFC [4ch: r(33) = 0.34, p = 0.049; 13ch; r(33) = 0.54, p = 0.001], while no significant correlation was found in the ADHD group. Furthermore, regression slopes for the frontal pole significantly differed between the TD and ADHD groups [10ch: t(61) = 2.35, p = 0.021; 11ch: t(61) = 2.05, p = 0.044]. Conclusion Children with ADHD showed abnormalities in functional maturation of the frontal pole, which plays a role in manipulating and maintaining information associated with self-generated behavior.
KW - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
KW - Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Battery (CANTAB®)
KW - Development
KW - Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
KW - Prefrontal cortex (PFC)
KW - Self-generated spatial working memory (SWM)
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U2 - 10.1016/j.braindev.2015.11.005
DO - 10.1016/j.braindev.2015.11.005
M3 - Article
C2 - 26709204
AN - SCOPUS:84950122075
VL - 38
SP - 471
EP - 480
JO - Brain and Development
JF - Brain and Development
SN - 0387-7604
IS - 5
ER -