Abstract
Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2) are encoded by prophages lysogenized in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 strains. Lytic growth of the phage particles carrying the stx1 genes (stx1A and stx1B) of the EHEC O157:H7 strain RIMD 0509952, which was derived from the Sakai outbreak in 1996 in Japan, was induced after treatment with mitomycin C, but the plaque formation of the phage was not detected. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the prophage VT1-Sakai. The integration site of the prophage was identified within the yehV gene at 47.7min on the chromosome. The stx1 genes were downstream of the Q gene in the prophage genome, suggesting that their expression was regulated by the Q protein, the regulator of the late gene expression of the phage, which is similar to that of the stx1 or stx2 genes carried by the lambdoid phages reported previously. The sequences of the N gene and its recognition sites, nutL and nutR, were not homologous to those of the phages carrying the stx genes thus far reported, but they were very similar to those of bacteriophage φ21. The sequences of the repressor proteins, CI and Cro, that regulate expression of the early genes had low similarities with those of the known repressors of other phages, and their operator sequences were different from any sequence reported. These data suggest that multiple genetic recombination among bacteriophages with different immunities took place to generate the prophage VT1-Sakai. Comparison between the sequences of VT1-Sakai and lambda suggests that the ancestor of VT1-Sakai was produced by illegitimate excision, like lambda gal and bio phages. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 127-139 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Gene |
| Volume | 258 |
| Issue number | 1-2 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2000 Nov 27 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Attachment site
- Lambdoid phage
- Multiple-recombination
- stx1 genes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Genetics
Cite this
Complete nucleotide sequence of the prophage VT1-Sakai carrying the Shiga toxin 1 genes of the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 strain derived from the Sakai outbreak. / Yokoyama, Katsushi; Makino, Kozo; Kubota, Yoshino; Watanabe, Motoji; Kimura, Sigenobu; Yutsudo, Chikako H.; Kurokawa, Ken; Ishii, Kazuo; Hattori, Masahira; Tatsuno, Ichiro; Abe, Hiroyuki; Yoh, Myonsun; Iida, Tetsuya; Ohnishi, Makoto; Hayashi, Tetsuya; Yasunaga, Teruo; Honda, Takeshi; Sasakawa, Chihiro; Shinagawa, Hideo.
In: Gene, Vol. 258, No. 1-2, 27.11.2000, p. 127-139.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Complete nucleotide sequence of the prophage VT1-Sakai carrying the Shiga toxin 1 genes of the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157
T2 - H7 strain derived from the Sakai outbreak
AU - Yokoyama, Katsushi
AU - Makino, Kozo
AU - Kubota, Yoshino
AU - Watanabe, Motoji
AU - Kimura, Sigenobu
AU - Yutsudo, Chikako H.
AU - Kurokawa, Ken
AU - Ishii, Kazuo
AU - Hattori, Masahira
AU - Tatsuno, Ichiro
AU - Abe, Hiroyuki
AU - Yoh, Myonsun
AU - Iida, Tetsuya
AU - Ohnishi, Makoto
AU - Hayashi, Tetsuya
AU - Yasunaga, Teruo
AU - Honda, Takeshi
AU - Sasakawa, Chihiro
AU - Shinagawa, Hideo
PY - 2000/11/27
Y1 - 2000/11/27
N2 - Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2) are encoded by prophages lysogenized in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 strains. Lytic growth of the phage particles carrying the stx1 genes (stx1A and stx1B) of the EHEC O157:H7 strain RIMD 0509952, which was derived from the Sakai outbreak in 1996 in Japan, was induced after treatment with mitomycin C, but the plaque formation of the phage was not detected. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the prophage VT1-Sakai. The integration site of the prophage was identified within the yehV gene at 47.7min on the chromosome. The stx1 genes were downstream of the Q gene in the prophage genome, suggesting that their expression was regulated by the Q protein, the regulator of the late gene expression of the phage, which is similar to that of the stx1 or stx2 genes carried by the lambdoid phages reported previously. The sequences of the N gene and its recognition sites, nutL and nutR, were not homologous to those of the phages carrying the stx genes thus far reported, but they were very similar to those of bacteriophage φ21. The sequences of the repressor proteins, CI and Cro, that regulate expression of the early genes had low similarities with those of the known repressors of other phages, and their operator sequences were different from any sequence reported. These data suggest that multiple genetic recombination among bacteriophages with different immunities took place to generate the prophage VT1-Sakai. Comparison between the sequences of VT1-Sakai and lambda suggests that the ancestor of VT1-Sakai was produced by illegitimate excision, like lambda gal and bio phages. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
AB - Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2) are encoded by prophages lysogenized in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 strains. Lytic growth of the phage particles carrying the stx1 genes (stx1A and stx1B) of the EHEC O157:H7 strain RIMD 0509952, which was derived from the Sakai outbreak in 1996 in Japan, was induced after treatment with mitomycin C, but the plaque formation of the phage was not detected. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the prophage VT1-Sakai. The integration site of the prophage was identified within the yehV gene at 47.7min on the chromosome. The stx1 genes were downstream of the Q gene in the prophage genome, suggesting that their expression was regulated by the Q protein, the regulator of the late gene expression of the phage, which is similar to that of the stx1 or stx2 genes carried by the lambdoid phages reported previously. The sequences of the N gene and its recognition sites, nutL and nutR, were not homologous to those of the phages carrying the stx genes thus far reported, but they were very similar to those of bacteriophage φ21. The sequences of the repressor proteins, CI and Cro, that regulate expression of the early genes had low similarities with those of the known repressors of other phages, and their operator sequences were different from any sequence reported. These data suggest that multiple genetic recombination among bacteriophages with different immunities took place to generate the prophage VT1-Sakai. Comparison between the sequences of VT1-Sakai and lambda suggests that the ancestor of VT1-Sakai was produced by illegitimate excision, like lambda gal and bio phages. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
KW - Attachment site
KW - Lambdoid phage
KW - Multiple-recombination
KW - stx1 genes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0034722626&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0034722626&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00416-9
DO - 10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00416-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 11111050
AN - SCOPUS:0034722626
VL - 258
SP - 127
EP - 139
JO - Gene
JF - Gene
SN - 0378-1119
IS - 1-2
ER -