Constructive formation and connection of aligned micropatterned neural networks by stepwise photothermal etching during cultivation

To understand the topologically dependence of neural network function and its community effects, a constructive approach to forming a model culture system in which we can fully control the spatiotemporal pattern modification during cultivation is useful. We thus newly developed an on-chip multi-electrode array (MEA) system combined with an agarose microchamber (AMC) array to record the firing at multiple cells simultaneously over a long term and to topographically control the cell positions and their connections in order to form two linearly aligned micropatterned networks using additional photothermal etching during cultivation. The electrical connection through the additional neurite connection between two networks in both synchronized spontaneous firings and evoked responses to electrical stimulation was measured, and the localized synaptogenesis at the additional connection point and the propagation by chemical synapses were confirmed. The results show the advantages of AMC/MEA cultivation and measurement methods and indicate they will be useful for investigating community effects by pattern modification during cultivation.