Designing positive electrodes with high energy density for lithium-ion batteries

The development of efficient electrochemical energy storage devices is key to foster the global market for sustainable technologies, such as electric vehicles and smart grids. However, the energy density of state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries is not yet sufficient for their rapid deployment due to the performance limitations of positive-electrode materials. The development of large-capacity or high-voltage positive-electrode materials has attracted significant research attention; however, their use in commercial lithium-ion batteries remains a challenge from the viewpoint of cycle life, safety, and cost. In this review, after summarizing the limitation issues associated with large-capacity/high-voltage positive electrodes and already attempted technical solutions, a machine-learning technique is applied to analyze the reported dataset to hierarchize various technical solutions by their effectiveness in improving performance. The proposed study highlights the importance of integrating systematic experimental data collection with modern data analysis techniques for rational development of large-capacity/high-voltage positive electrodes. The scope is extended to important technical issues with other cell components, such as electrolytes and additives, binders, conductive carbon, current collectors, and impurity control for total optimization.