Abstract
Epigenetic systems play crucial roles in the differentiation of a mammalian fertilized egg into hundreds of cell types exhibiting distinct phenotypes, using a set of DNA molecules comprising about 3 billion nucleotides. Genomewide analyses of epigenetic marks have revealed the remarkably well-established and well-maintained structure of the epigenome, consisting of DNA methylation and histone modifications that vary their state in a tissue type- and developmental stage-specific manner at numerous genomic loci. DNA methylation profiles comprising numerous tissuedependent and differentially methylated regions (T-DMRs), found at such loci, are unique to every type of cell and tissue, and illuminate molecular networks that represent their phenotypes. T-DMRs are located in not only genic but also nongenic regions-including transposable genetic elements, such as short interspersed transposable element. Epigenetic studies indicate that the molecules that perform these modifications directly, such as DNA methyltransferases and eukaryotic histone methyltransferases, or indirectly, such as CpG-binding protein and noncoding RNAs-and combinations of these-contribute to the DNA methylation profile. It remains to be addressed how these molecules precisely find their target genomic loci.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 265-273 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Journal of Reproduction and Development |
| Volume | 58 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2012 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- CpG island
- DNA methylation profile
- Methylome
- Tissue-dependent and differently methylated region (T-DMR)
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Animal Science and Zoology
Cite this
DNA methylation profile : A composer-, conductor-, and player- orchestrated mammalian genome consisting of genes and transposable genetic elements. / Yagi, Shintaro; Hirosawa, Mitsuko; Shiota, Kunio.
In: Journal of Reproduction and Development, Vol. 58, No. 3, 2012, p. 265-273.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - DNA methylation profile
T2 - A composer-, conductor-, and player- orchestrated mammalian genome consisting of genes and transposable genetic elements
AU - Yagi, Shintaro
AU - Hirosawa, Mitsuko
AU - Shiota, Kunio
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Epigenetic systems play crucial roles in the differentiation of a mammalian fertilized egg into hundreds of cell types exhibiting distinct phenotypes, using a set of DNA molecules comprising about 3 billion nucleotides. Genomewide analyses of epigenetic marks have revealed the remarkably well-established and well-maintained structure of the epigenome, consisting of DNA methylation and histone modifications that vary their state in a tissue type- and developmental stage-specific manner at numerous genomic loci. DNA methylation profiles comprising numerous tissuedependent and differentially methylated regions (T-DMRs), found at such loci, are unique to every type of cell and tissue, and illuminate molecular networks that represent their phenotypes. T-DMRs are located in not only genic but also nongenic regions-including transposable genetic elements, such as short interspersed transposable element. Epigenetic studies indicate that the molecules that perform these modifications directly, such as DNA methyltransferases and eukaryotic histone methyltransferases, or indirectly, such as CpG-binding protein and noncoding RNAs-and combinations of these-contribute to the DNA methylation profile. It remains to be addressed how these molecules precisely find their target genomic loci.
AB - Epigenetic systems play crucial roles in the differentiation of a mammalian fertilized egg into hundreds of cell types exhibiting distinct phenotypes, using a set of DNA molecules comprising about 3 billion nucleotides. Genomewide analyses of epigenetic marks have revealed the remarkably well-established and well-maintained structure of the epigenome, consisting of DNA methylation and histone modifications that vary their state in a tissue type- and developmental stage-specific manner at numerous genomic loci. DNA methylation profiles comprising numerous tissuedependent and differentially methylated regions (T-DMRs), found at such loci, are unique to every type of cell and tissue, and illuminate molecular networks that represent their phenotypes. T-DMRs are located in not only genic but also nongenic regions-including transposable genetic elements, such as short interspersed transposable element. Epigenetic studies indicate that the molecules that perform these modifications directly, such as DNA methyltransferases and eukaryotic histone methyltransferases, or indirectly, such as CpG-binding protein and noncoding RNAs-and combinations of these-contribute to the DNA methylation profile. It remains to be addressed how these molecules precisely find their target genomic loci.
KW - CpG island
KW - DNA methylation profile
KW - Methylome
KW - Tissue-dependent and differently methylated region (T-DMR)
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U2 - 10.1262/jrd.2011-030
DO - 10.1262/jrd.2011-030
M3 - Review article
VL - 58
SP - 265
EP - 273
JO - Journal of Reproduction and Development
JF - Journal of Reproduction and Development
SN - 0916-8818
IS - 3
ER -