Fabrication of TiAl intermetallic phases by heat treatment of warm sprayed metal precursors

Judyta Sienkiewicz; Seiji Kuroda; Rafał M. Molak; Hideyuki Murakami; Hiroshi Araki; Susumu Takamori; Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski

doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2013.12.011

Fabrication of TiAl intermetallic phases by heat treatment of warm sprayed metal precursors

Judyta Sienkiewicz, Seiji Kuroda, Rafał M. Molak, Hideyuki Murakami, Hiroshi Araki, Susumu Takamori, Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

23 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Warm Spraying is an atmospheric coating process based on high-velocity impact bonding of powder particles. By decreasing the temperature of combustion gas via mixing with nitrogen the oxidation of feedstock powder can be effectively controlled. This is particularly important for Ti-based coating materials, which rapidly oxidize at elevated temperatures. In this study, Ti-Al composite coatings were fabricated by the Warm Spray process using a mixture of titanium and aluminum powders as a feedstock and applying a two-stage heat treatment at 600 and 1000 C to obtain intermetallic phases. The microstructure, chemical and phase composition of the deposited and heat-treated coatings were investigated using SEM, EDS and XRD. The experimental results show that TiAl₃ was the first intermetallic phase formed during the first-stage heat treatment. The growth of TiAl₃ layer occurred mainly by diffusion of Al into Ti particles. Significant porosity that developed during the heat treatment was caused mainly by Kirkendall effect. After the second-stage heat treatment, a coating layer with TiAl as the dominant phase was obtained with about 20 vol % porosity.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	57-64
Number of pages	8
Journal	Intermetallics
Volume	49
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2013.12.011
Publication status	Published - 2014 Jun 1
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

A. Intermetallics
B. Diffusion
C. Coatings
C. Spray forming

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Chemistry(all)
Mechanics of Materials
Mechanical Engineering
Metals and Alloys
Materials Chemistry

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title = "Fabrication of TiAl intermetallic phases by heat treatment of warm sprayed metal precursors",

abstract = "Warm Spraying is an atmospheric coating process based on high-velocity impact bonding of powder particles. By decreasing the temperature of combustion gas via mixing with nitrogen the oxidation of feedstock powder can be effectively controlled. This is particularly important for Ti-based coating materials, which rapidly oxidize at elevated temperatures. In this study, Ti-Al composite coatings were fabricated by the Warm Spray process using a mixture of titanium and aluminum powders as a feedstock and applying a two-stage heat treatment at 600 and 1000 C to obtain intermetallic phases. The microstructure, chemical and phase composition of the deposited and heat-treated coatings were investigated using SEM, EDS and XRD. The experimental results show that TiAl3 was the first intermetallic phase formed during the first-stage heat treatment. The growth of TiAl3 layer occurred mainly by diffusion of Al into Ti particles. Significant porosity that developed during the heat treatment was caused mainly by Kirkendall effect. After the second-stage heat treatment, a coating layer with TiAl as the dominant phase was obtained with about 20 vol % porosity.",

keywords = "A. Intermetallics, B. Diffusion, C. Coatings, C. Spray forming",

author = "Judyta Sienkiewicz and Seiji Kuroda and Molak, {Rafa{\l} M.} and Hideyuki Murakami and Hiroshi Araki and Susumu Takamori and Kurzyd{\l}owski, {Krzysztof J.}",

year = "2014",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.intermet.2013.12.011",

language = "English",

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journal = "Intermetallics",

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AU - Sienkiewicz, Judyta

AU - Kuroda, Seiji

AU - Molak, Rafał M.

AU - Murakami, Hideyuki

AU - Araki, Hiroshi

AU - Takamori, Susumu

AU - Kurzydłowski, Krzysztof J.

PY - 2014/6/1

Y1 - 2014/6/1

N2 - Warm Spraying is an atmospheric coating process based on high-velocity impact bonding of powder particles. By decreasing the temperature of combustion gas via mixing with nitrogen the oxidation of feedstock powder can be effectively controlled. This is particularly important for Ti-based coating materials, which rapidly oxidize at elevated temperatures. In this study, Ti-Al composite coatings were fabricated by the Warm Spray process using a mixture of titanium and aluminum powders as a feedstock and applying a two-stage heat treatment at 600 and 1000 C to obtain intermetallic phases. The microstructure, chemical and phase composition of the deposited and heat-treated coatings were investigated using SEM, EDS and XRD. The experimental results show that TiAl3 was the first intermetallic phase formed during the first-stage heat treatment. The growth of TiAl3 layer occurred mainly by diffusion of Al into Ti particles. Significant porosity that developed during the heat treatment was caused mainly by Kirkendall effect. After the second-stage heat treatment, a coating layer with TiAl as the dominant phase was obtained with about 20 vol % porosity.

AB - Warm Spraying is an atmospheric coating process based on high-velocity impact bonding of powder particles. By decreasing the temperature of combustion gas via mixing with nitrogen the oxidation of feedstock powder can be effectively controlled. This is particularly important for Ti-based coating materials, which rapidly oxidize at elevated temperatures. In this study, Ti-Al composite coatings were fabricated by the Warm Spray process using a mixture of titanium and aluminum powders as a feedstock and applying a two-stage heat treatment at 600 and 1000 C to obtain intermetallic phases. The microstructure, chemical and phase composition of the deposited and heat-treated coatings were investigated using SEM, EDS and XRD. The experimental results show that TiAl3 was the first intermetallic phase formed during the first-stage heat treatment. The growth of TiAl3 layer occurred mainly by diffusion of Al into Ti particles. Significant porosity that developed during the heat treatment was caused mainly by Kirkendall effect. After the second-stage heat treatment, a coating layer with TiAl as the dominant phase was obtained with about 20 vol % porosity.

KW - A. Intermetallics

KW - B. Diffusion

KW - C. Coatings

KW - C. Spray forming

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