Abstract
We report on simultaneous broadband observations of the TeV-emitting blazar Markarian 501 between 2013 April 1 and August 10, including the first detailed characterization of the synchrotron peak with Swift and NuSTAR. During the campaign, the nearby BL Lac object was observed in both a quiescent and an elevated state. The broadband campaign includes observations with NuSTAR, MAGIC, VERITAS, the Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope and UV Optical Telescope, various ground-based optical instruments, including the GASP-WEBT program, as well as radio observations by OVRO, Metsähovi, and the F-Gamma consortium. Some of the MAGIC observations were affected by a sand layer from the Saharan desert, and had to be corrected using event-by-event corrections derived with a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) facility. This is the first time that LIDAR information is used to produce a physics result with Cherenkov Telescope data taken during adverse atmospheric conditions, and hence sets a precedent for the current and future ground-based gamma-ray instruments. The NuSTAR instrument provides unprecedented sensitivity in hard X-rays, showing the source to display a spectral energy distribution (SED) between 3 and 79 keV consistent with a log-parabolic spectrum and hard X-ray variability on hour timescales. None (of the four extended NuSTAR observations) show evidence of the onset of inverse-Compton emission at hard X-ray energies. We apply a single-zone equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model to five simultaneous broadband SEDs. We find that the SSC model can reproduce the observed broadband states through a decrease in the magnetic field strength coinciding with an increase in the luminosity and hardness of the relativistic leptons responsible for the high-energy emission.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 65 |
| Journal | Astrophysical Journal |
| Volume | 812 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2015 Oct 10 |
Keywords
- BL Lacertae objects: general
- X-rays: galaxies
- galaxies: individual (Markarian 501)
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Space and Planetary Science
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FIRST NuSTAR OBSERVATIONS of MRK 501 WITHIN A RADIO to TeV MULTI-INSTRUMENT CAMPAIGN. / Furniss, A.; Noda, K.; Boggs, S.; Chiang, J.; Christensen, F.; Craig, W.; Giommi, P.; Hailey, C.; Harisson, F.; Madejski, G.; Nalewajko, K.; Perri, M.; Stern, D.; Urry, M.; Verrecchia, F.; Zhang, W.; Ahnen, M. L.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Antoranz, P.; Babic, A.; Banerjee, B.; Bangale, P.; Barres De Almeida, U.; A. Barrio, J.; Becerra González, J.; Bednarek, W.; Bernardini, E.; Biasuzzi, B.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bonnefoy, S.; Bonnoli, G.; Borracci, F.; Bretz, T.; Carmona, E.; Carosi, A.; Chatterjee, A.; Clavero, R.; Colin, P.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; Da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Caneva, G.; De Lotto, B.; De Oña Wilhelmi, E.; Delgado Mendez, C.; Di Pierro, F.; Dominis Prester, D.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Einecke, S.; Eisenacher Glawion, D.; Elsaesser, D.; Fernández-Barral, A.; Fidalgo, D.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.; Frantzen, K.; Fruck, C.; Galindo, D.; García López, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Garrido Terrats, D.; Gaug, M.; Giammaria, P.; Godinović, N.; González Muñoz, A.; Guberman, D.; Hanabata, Y.; Hayashida, M.; Herrera, J.; Hose, J.; Hrupec, D.; Hughes, G.; Idec, W.; Kellermann, H.; Kodani, K.; Konno, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; La Barbera, A.; Lelas, D.; Lewandowska, N.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López, M.; López-Coto, R.; López-Oramas, A.; Lorenz, E.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Mallot, K.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mannheim, K.; Maraschi, L.; Marcote, B.; Mariotti, M.; Martínez, M.; Mazin, D.; Menzel, U.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Moralejo, A.; Nakajima, D.; Neustroev, V.; Niedzwiecki, A.; Nievas Rosillo, M.; Nilsson, K.; Nishijima, K.; Orito, R.; Overkemping, A.; Paiano, S.; Palacio, J.; Palatiello, M.; Paneque, D.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Paredes-Fortuny, X.; Persic, M.; Poutanen, J.; Prada Moroni, P. G.; Prandini, E.; Puljak, I.; Reinthal, R.; Rhode, W.; Ribó, M.; Rico, J.; Rodriguez Garcia, J.; Saito, T.; Saito, K.; Satalecka, K.; Scapin, V.; Schultz, C.; Schweizer, T.; Shore, S. N.; Sillanpä, A.; Sitarek, J.; Snidaric, I.; Sobczynska, D.; Stamerra, A.; Steinbring, T.; Strzys, M.; Takalo, L.; Takami, H.; Tavecchio, F.; Temnikov, P.; Terzić, T.; Tescaro, D.; Teshima, M.; Thaele, J.; Torres, D. F.; Toyama, T.; Treves, A.; Verguilov, V.; Vovk, I.; Will, M.; Zanin, R.; Archer, A.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; Biteau, J.; Bugaev, V.; Cardenzana, J. V.; Cerruti, M.; Chen, X.; Ciupik, L.; Connolly, M. P.; Cui, W.; Dickinson, H. J.; Dumm, J.; Eisch, J. D.; Falcone, A.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Fleischhack, H.; Fortin, P.; Fortson, L.; Gerard, L.; Gillanders, G. H.; Griffin, S.; Griffiths, S. T.; Grube, J.; Gyuk, G.; Håkansson, N.; Holder, J.; Humensky, T. B.; Johnson, C. A.; Kaaret, P.; Kertzman, M.; Kieda, D.; Krause, M.; Krennrich, F.; Lang, M. J.; Lin, T. T.Y.; Maier, G.; McArthur, S.; McCann, A.; Meagher, K.; Moriarty, P.; Mukherjee, R.; Nieto, D.; O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A.; Ong, R. A.; Park, N.; Petry, D.; Pohl, M.; Popkow, A.; Ragan, K.; Ratliff, G.; Reyes, L. C.; Reynolds, P. T.; Richards, G. T.; Roache, E.; Santander, M.; Sembroski, G. H.; Shahinyan, K.; Staszak, D.; Telezhinsky, I.; Tucci, J. V.; Tyler, J.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Wakely, S. P.; Weiner, O. M.; Weinstein, A.; Wilhelm, A.; Williams, D. A.; Zitzer, B.; Vince, O.; Fuhrmann, L.; Angelakis, E.; Karamanavis, V.; Myserlis, I.; Krichbaum, T. P.; Zensus, J. A.; Ungerechts, H.; Sievers, A.; Bachev, R.; Böttcher, M.; Chen, W. P.; Damljanovic, G.; Eswaraiah, C.; Güver, T.; Hovatta, T.; Hughes, Z.; Ibryamov, S. I.; Joner, M. D.; Jordan, B.; Jorstad, S. G.; Joshi, M.; Kataoka, J.; Kurtanidze, O. M.; Kurtanidze, S. O.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Latev, G.; Lin, H. C.; Larionov, V. M.; Mokrushina, A. A.; Morozova, D. A.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Raiteri, C. M.; Ramakrishnan, V.; R. Readhead, A. C.; Sadun, A. C.; Sigua, L. A.; Semkov, E. H.; Strigachev, A.; Tammi, J.; Tornikoski, M.; Troitskaya, Y. V.; Troitsky, I. S.; Villata, M.
In: Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 812, No. 1, 65, 10.10.2015.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - FIRST NuSTAR OBSERVATIONS of MRK 501 WITHIN A RADIO to TeV MULTI-INSTRUMENT CAMPAIGN
AU - Furniss, A.
AU - Noda, K.
AU - Boggs, S.
AU - Chiang, J.
AU - Christensen, F.
AU - Craig, W.
AU - Giommi, P.
AU - Hailey, C.
AU - Harisson, F.
AU - Madejski, G.
AU - Nalewajko, K.
AU - Perri, M.
AU - Stern, D.
AU - Urry, M.
AU - Verrecchia, F.
AU - Zhang, W.
AU - Ahnen, M. L.
AU - Ansoldi, S.
AU - Antonelli, L. A.
AU - Antoranz, P.
AU - Babic, A.
AU - Banerjee, B.
AU - Bangale, P.
AU - Barres De Almeida, U.
AU - A. Barrio, J.
AU - Becerra González, J.
AU - Bednarek, W.
AU - Bernardini, E.
AU - Biasuzzi, B.
AU - Biland, A.
AU - Blanch, O.
AU - Bonnefoy, S.
AU - Bonnoli, G.
AU - Borracci, F.
AU - Bretz, T.
AU - Carmona, E.
AU - Carosi, A.
AU - Chatterjee, A.
AU - Clavero, R.
AU - Colin, P.
AU - Colombo, E.
AU - Contreras, J. L.
AU - Cortina, J.
AU - Covino, S.
AU - Da Vela, P.
AU - Dazzi, F.
AU - De Angelis, A.
AU - De Caneva, G.
AU - De Lotto, B.
AU - De Oña Wilhelmi, E.
AU - Delgado Mendez, C.
AU - Di Pierro, F.
AU - Dominis Prester, D.
AU - Dorner, D.
AU - Doro, M.
AU - Einecke, S.
AU - Eisenacher Glawion, D.
AU - Elsaesser, D.
AU - Fernández-Barral, A.
AU - Fidalgo, D.
AU - Fonseca, M. V.
AU - Font, L.
AU - Frantzen, K.
AU - Fruck, C.
AU - Galindo, D.
AU - García López, R. J.
AU - Garczarczyk, M.
AU - Garrido Terrats, D.
AU - Gaug, M.
AU - Giammaria, P.
AU - Godinović, N.
AU - González Muñoz, A.
AU - Guberman, D.
AU - Hanabata, Y.
AU - Hayashida, M.
AU - Herrera, J.
AU - Hose, J.
AU - Hrupec, D.
AU - Hughes, G.
AU - Idec, W.
AU - Kellermann, H.
AU - Kodani, K.
AU - Konno, Y.
AU - Kubo, H.
AU - Kushida, J.
AU - La Barbera, A.
AU - Lelas, D.
AU - Lewandowska, N.
AU - Lindfors, E.
AU - Lombardi, S.
AU - Longo, F.
AU - López, M.
AU - López-Coto, R.
AU - López-Oramas, A.
AU - Lorenz, E.
AU - Majumdar, P.
AU - Makariev, M.
AU - Mallot, K.
AU - Maneva, G.
AU - Manganaro, M.
AU - Mannheim, K.
AU - Maraschi, L.
AU - Marcote, B.
AU - Mariotti, M.
AU - Martínez, M.
AU - Mazin, D.
AU - Menzel, U.
AU - Miranda, J. M.
AU - Mirzoyan, R.
AU - Moralejo, A.
AU - Nakajima, D.
AU - Neustroev, V.
AU - Niedzwiecki, A.
AU - Nievas Rosillo, M.
AU - Nilsson, K.
AU - Nishijima, K.
AU - Orito, R.
AU - Overkemping, A.
AU - Paiano, S.
AU - Palacio, J.
AU - Palatiello, M.
AU - Paneque, D.
AU - Paoletti, R.
AU - Paredes, J. M.
AU - Paredes-Fortuny, X.
AU - Persic, M.
AU - Poutanen, J.
AU - Prada Moroni, P. G.
AU - Prandini, E.
AU - Puljak, I.
AU - Reinthal, R.
AU - Rhode, W.
AU - Ribó, M.
AU - Rico, J.
AU - Rodriguez Garcia, J.
AU - Saito, T.
AU - Saito, K.
AU - Satalecka, K.
AU - Scapin, V.
AU - Schultz, C.
AU - Schweizer, T.
AU - Shore, S. N.
AU - Sillanpä, A.
AU - Sitarek, J.
AU - Snidaric, I.
AU - Sobczynska, D.
AU - Stamerra, A.
AU - Steinbring, T.
AU - Strzys, M.
AU - Takalo, L.
AU - Takami, H.
AU - Tavecchio, F.
AU - Temnikov, P.
AU - Terzić, T.
AU - Tescaro, D.
AU - Teshima, M.
AU - Thaele, J.
AU - Torres, D. F.
AU - Toyama, T.
AU - Treves, A.
AU - Verguilov, V.
AU - Vovk, I.
AU - Will, M.
AU - Zanin, R.
AU - Archer, A.
AU - Benbow, W.
AU - Bird, R.
AU - Biteau, J.
AU - Bugaev, V.
AU - Cardenzana, J. V.
AU - Cerruti, M.
AU - Chen, X.
AU - Ciupik, L.
AU - Connolly, M. P.
AU - Cui, W.
AU - Dickinson, H. J.
AU - Dumm, J.
AU - Eisch, J. D.
AU - Falcone, A.
AU - Feng, Q.
AU - Finley, J. P.
AU - Fleischhack, H.
AU - Fortin, P.
AU - Fortson, L.
AU - Gerard, L.
AU - Gillanders, G. H.
AU - Griffin, S.
AU - Griffiths, S. T.
AU - Grube, J.
AU - Gyuk, G.
AU - Håkansson, N.
AU - Holder, J.
AU - Humensky, T. B.
AU - Johnson, C. A.
AU - Kaaret, P.
AU - Kertzman, M.
AU - Kieda, D.
AU - Krause, M.
AU - Krennrich, F.
AU - Lang, M. J.
AU - Lin, T. T.Y.
AU - Maier, G.
AU - McArthur, S.
AU - McCann, A.
AU - Meagher, K.
AU - Moriarty, P.
AU - Mukherjee, R.
AU - Nieto, D.
AU - O'Faoláin De Bhróithe, A.
AU - Ong, R. A.
AU - Park, N.
AU - Petry, D.
AU - Pohl, M.
AU - Popkow, A.
AU - Ragan, K.
AU - Ratliff, G.
AU - Reyes, L. C.
AU - Reynolds, P. T.
AU - Richards, G. T.
AU - Roache, E.
AU - Santander, M.
AU - Sembroski, G. H.
AU - Shahinyan, K.
AU - Staszak, D.
AU - Telezhinsky, I.
AU - Tucci, J. V.
AU - Tyler, J.
AU - Vassiliev, V. V.
AU - Wakely, S. P.
AU - Weiner, O. M.
AU - Weinstein, A.
AU - Wilhelm, A.
AU - Williams, D. A.
AU - Zitzer, B.
AU - Vince, O.
AU - Fuhrmann, L.
AU - Angelakis, E.
AU - Karamanavis, V.
AU - Myserlis, I.
AU - Krichbaum, T. P.
AU - Zensus, J. A.
AU - Ungerechts, H.
AU - Sievers, A.
AU - Bachev, R.
AU - Böttcher, M.
AU - Chen, W. P.
AU - Damljanovic, G.
AU - Eswaraiah, C.
AU - Güver, T.
AU - Hovatta, T.
AU - Hughes, Z.
AU - Ibryamov, S. I.
AU - Joner, M. D.
AU - Jordan, B.
AU - Jorstad, S. G.
AU - Joshi, M.
AU - Kataoka, J.
AU - Kurtanidze, O. M.
AU - Kurtanidze, S. O.
AU - Lähteenmäki, A.
AU - Latev, G.
AU - Lin, H. C.
AU - Larionov, V. M.
AU - Mokrushina, A. A.
AU - Morozova, D. A.
AU - Nikolashvili, M. G.
AU - Raiteri, C. M.
AU - Ramakrishnan, V.
AU - R. Readhead, A. C.
AU - Sadun, A. C.
AU - Sigua, L. A.
AU - Semkov, E. H.
AU - Strigachev, A.
AU - Tammi, J.
AU - Tornikoski, M.
AU - Troitskaya, Y. V.
AU - Troitsky, I. S.
AU - Villata, M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2015. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..
PY - 2015/10/10
Y1 - 2015/10/10
N2 - We report on simultaneous broadband observations of the TeV-emitting blazar Markarian 501 between 2013 April 1 and August 10, including the first detailed characterization of the synchrotron peak with Swift and NuSTAR. During the campaign, the nearby BL Lac object was observed in both a quiescent and an elevated state. The broadband campaign includes observations with NuSTAR, MAGIC, VERITAS, the Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope and UV Optical Telescope, various ground-based optical instruments, including the GASP-WEBT program, as well as radio observations by OVRO, Metsähovi, and the F-Gamma consortium. Some of the MAGIC observations were affected by a sand layer from the Saharan desert, and had to be corrected using event-by-event corrections derived with a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) facility. This is the first time that LIDAR information is used to produce a physics result with Cherenkov Telescope data taken during adverse atmospheric conditions, and hence sets a precedent for the current and future ground-based gamma-ray instruments. The NuSTAR instrument provides unprecedented sensitivity in hard X-rays, showing the source to display a spectral energy distribution (SED) between 3 and 79 keV consistent with a log-parabolic spectrum and hard X-ray variability on hour timescales. None (of the four extended NuSTAR observations) show evidence of the onset of inverse-Compton emission at hard X-ray energies. We apply a single-zone equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model to five simultaneous broadband SEDs. We find that the SSC model can reproduce the observed broadband states through a decrease in the magnetic field strength coinciding with an increase in the luminosity and hardness of the relativistic leptons responsible for the high-energy emission.
AB - We report on simultaneous broadband observations of the TeV-emitting blazar Markarian 501 between 2013 April 1 and August 10, including the first detailed characterization of the synchrotron peak with Swift and NuSTAR. During the campaign, the nearby BL Lac object was observed in both a quiescent and an elevated state. The broadband campaign includes observations with NuSTAR, MAGIC, VERITAS, the Fermi Large Area Telescope, Swift X-ray Telescope and UV Optical Telescope, various ground-based optical instruments, including the GASP-WEBT program, as well as radio observations by OVRO, Metsähovi, and the F-Gamma consortium. Some of the MAGIC observations were affected by a sand layer from the Saharan desert, and had to be corrected using event-by-event corrections derived with a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) facility. This is the first time that LIDAR information is used to produce a physics result with Cherenkov Telescope data taken during adverse atmospheric conditions, and hence sets a precedent for the current and future ground-based gamma-ray instruments. The NuSTAR instrument provides unprecedented sensitivity in hard X-rays, showing the source to display a spectral energy distribution (SED) between 3 and 79 keV consistent with a log-parabolic spectrum and hard X-ray variability on hour timescales. None (of the four extended NuSTAR observations) show evidence of the onset of inverse-Compton emission at hard X-ray energies. We apply a single-zone equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model to five simultaneous broadband SEDs. We find that the SSC model can reproduce the observed broadband states through a decrease in the magnetic field strength coinciding with an increase in the luminosity and hardness of the relativistic leptons responsible for the high-energy emission.
KW - BL Lacertae objects: general
KW - X-rays: galaxies
KW - galaxies: individual (Markarian 501)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84946122101&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84946122101&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/0004-637X/812/1/65
DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/812/1/65
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84946122101
VL - 812
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
SN - 0004-637X
IS - 1
M1 - 65
ER -