Interval-based solving of hybrid constraint systems

An approach to reliable modeling, simulation and verification of hybrid systems is interval arithmetic, which guarantees that a set of intervals narrower than specified size encloses the solution. Interval-based computation of hybrid systems is often difficult, especially when the systems are described by nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and nonlinear algebraic equations. We formulate the problem of detecting a discrete change in hybrid systems as a hybrid constraint system (HCS), consisting of a flow constraint on trajectories (i.e. continuous functions over time) and a guard constraint on states causing discrete changes. We also propose a technique for solving HCSs by coordinating (i) interval-based solving of nonlinear ODEs, and (ii) a constraint programming technique for reducing interval enclosures of solutions. The proposed technique reliably solves HCSs with nonlinear constraints. Our technique employs the interval Newton method to accelerate the reduction of interval enclosures, while guaranteeing that the enclosure contains a solution.