Abstract
This paper globally explores two-impulse, low-energy Earth–Moon transfers in the planar bicircular restricted four-body problem with transfer time of up to 200 days. A grid search combined with a direct transcription and multiple shooting technique reveals numerous families of optimal low-energy solutions, including some that have not been reported yet. We investigate characteristics of solutions in terms of parameters in two- and three-body dynamics, and discuss a trade-off between cost and transfer time based on Pareto-optimal solutions, with and without lunar gravity assists. Analysis of orbital characteristics reveals the role of the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon in the transfer dynamics.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 4 |
Journal | Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy |
Volume | 131 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2019 Jan 1 |
Keywords
- Direct transcription and multiple shooting
- Low-energy transfer
- Lunar gravity assist
- Pareto-optimal solution
- Restricted four-body problem
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Modelling and Simulation
- Mathematical Physics
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Space and Planetary Science
- Computational Mathematics
- Applied Mathematics