Measurements of effective fracture toughness values for hydraulic fracture: Dependence on pressure and fluid rheology

Jon Holder; Nobuo Morita; A. J. Kenrick; Sitharam Thallak; K. E. Gray

Measurements of effective fracture toughness values for hydraulic fracture: Dependence on pressure and fluid rheology

Jon Holder, Nobuo Morita, A. J. Kenrick, Sitharam Thallak, K. E. Gray

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

Results from a series of laboratory hydrofracture tests, in which different fracture fluids, fracture fluid injection rates, confining pressures, and test specimen mechanical and fluid transport properties were used, are presented and discussed. Fracture fluids included various simple linear viscous (Newtonian) fluids and different combinations of three types of commercial fracture fluids: linear gels, cross-linked gels, and combinations of gels with suspended solids. Systematic variations in the behavior of fracture initiation pressures, and fracture fluid pressures during stages of stable fracture propagation, are observed to depend on fluid flow resistance, leak-off rate, and fracture fluid rheology. Post-test inspections of hydrofracture surfaces indicate the presence of a dry zone near the fracture tip. The effective hydrofracture toughness parameters determined from the tests with fracture fluid gels are substantially higher than the normal Mode-I toughness values, determined for the same material. The behavior is interpreted to be the consequence of a build-up of solids at the fracture tip, from dehydration of fracture fluids containing gels and/or solids.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Production Operations Symposium
Place of Publication	Richardson, TX, United States
Publisher	Publ by Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)
Pages	761-770
Number of pages	10
Publication status	Published - 1993
Event	Proceedings of the Production Operations Symposium - Oklahoma City, OK, USA Duration: 1993 Mar 21 → 1993 Mar 23

Other

Other	Proceedings of the Production Operations Symposium
City	Oklahoma City, OK, USA
Period	93/3/21 → 93/3/23

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Engineering(all)

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Measurements of effective fracture toughness values for hydraulic fracture : Dependence on pressure and fluid rheology. / Holder, Jon; Morita, Nobuo; Kenrick, A. J.; Thallak, Sitharam; Gray, K. E.

Production Operations Symposium. Richardson, TX, United States : Publ by Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), 1993. p. 761-770.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Holder, J, Morita, N, Kenrick, AJ, Thallak, S & Gray, KE 1993, Measurements of effective fracture toughness values for hydraulic fracture: Dependence on pressure and fluid rheology. in Production Operations Symposium. Publ by Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), Richardson, TX, United States, pp. 761-770, Proceedings of the Production Operations Symposium, Oklahoma City, OK, USA, 93/3/21.

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abstract = "Results from a series of laboratory hydrofracture tests, in which different fracture fluids, fracture fluid injection rates, confining pressures, and test specimen mechanical and fluid transport properties were used, are presented and discussed. Fracture fluids included various simple linear viscous (Newtonian) fluids and different combinations of three types of commercial fracture fluids: linear gels, cross-linked gels, and combinations of gels with suspended solids. Systematic variations in the behavior of fracture initiation pressures, and fracture fluid pressures during stages of stable fracture propagation, are observed to depend on fluid flow resistance, leak-off rate, and fracture fluid rheology. Post-test inspections of hydrofracture surfaces indicate the presence of a dry zone near the fracture tip. The effective hydrofracture toughness parameters determined from the tests with fracture fluid gels are substantially higher than the normal Mode-I toughness values, determined for the same material. The behavior is interpreted to be the consequence of a build-up of solids at the fracture tip, from dehydration of fracture fluids containing gels and/or solids.",

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N2 - Results from a series of laboratory hydrofracture tests, in which different fracture fluids, fracture fluid injection rates, confining pressures, and test specimen mechanical and fluid transport properties were used, are presented and discussed. Fracture fluids included various simple linear viscous (Newtonian) fluids and different combinations of three types of commercial fracture fluids: linear gels, cross-linked gels, and combinations of gels with suspended solids. Systematic variations in the behavior of fracture initiation pressures, and fracture fluid pressures during stages of stable fracture propagation, are observed to depend on fluid flow resistance, leak-off rate, and fracture fluid rheology. Post-test inspections of hydrofracture surfaces indicate the presence of a dry zone near the fracture tip. The effective hydrofracture toughness parameters determined from the tests with fracture fluid gels are substantially higher than the normal Mode-I toughness values, determined for the same material. The behavior is interpreted to be the consequence of a build-up of solids at the fracture tip, from dehydration of fracture fluids containing gels and/or solids.

AB - Results from a series of laboratory hydrofracture tests, in which different fracture fluids, fracture fluid injection rates, confining pressures, and test specimen mechanical and fluid transport properties were used, are presented and discussed. Fracture fluids included various simple linear viscous (Newtonian) fluids and different combinations of three types of commercial fracture fluids: linear gels, cross-linked gels, and combinations of gels with suspended solids. Systematic variations in the behavior of fracture initiation pressures, and fracture fluid pressures during stages of stable fracture propagation, are observed to depend on fluid flow resistance, leak-off rate, and fracture fluid rheology. Post-test inspections of hydrofracture surfaces indicate the presence of a dry zone near the fracture tip. The effective hydrofracture toughness parameters determined from the tests with fracture fluid gels are substantially higher than the normal Mode-I toughness values, determined for the same material. The behavior is interpreted to be the consequence of a build-up of solids at the fracture tip, from dehydration of fracture fluids containing gels and/or solids.

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