Microsystems for biosensing nucleic acids and immuno proteins

In recent years microsystem technologies have become increasingly important, owing to the extraordinary rapid developments in sensors, actuators, and micromechanical tools.¹ Powerful microsystem technologies require different types of miniaturized sensors to produce integrated analytical, monitoring, and process control systems. Rapid development in microsystem technology has produced miniaturized sensors, and integration requires development of similarly miniaturized systems capable of utilizing these. Miniaturization of analytical biochemical systems can improve the reliability and speed of analyses, reduce the necessary sample size, and decrease consumption of expensive reagents. Microsensors exhibit wide application potentials, ranging from medical diagnosis,^2-5 biotechnology,^6,7 and biological research,⁸ to environmental monitoring.^9-10.