TY - JOUR
T1 - Nitrogen deposition and responses of forest structure to nitrogen deposition in a cool-temperate deciduous forest
AU - Cao, Ruoming
AU - Chen, Siyu
AU - Yoshitake, Shinpei
AU - Ohtsuka, Toshiyuki
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to members from the Takayama Forest Research Station for their kind cooperation in the field survey, which belonged to the River Basin Research Center, Gifu university. We would like to thank Enago (www.enago.jp) for the English language review.This research received no external funding.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Few studies have reported the estimation of nitrogen (N) deposition, including dissolved organic N (DON) fluxes, through water flows and the contribution of snowfall in Asia. In this study, the concentrations and fluxes of DON and dissolved inorganic N (DIN) in bulk precipitation (BP), the throughfall (TF) of trees and understory dwarf bamboo, and stemflow (SF) were evaluated in a cool-temperate forest over three years to clarify N fluxes via precipitation and responses of trees and understory canopies to N deposition. The input of N to the study site in BP was 11.1 ± 1.71 kg N ha-1 year-1, with a significant contribution from DON (78%). Snowfall fluxes contributed up to 46% of the totalNinput, with variations related to the amount of snowfall (2.08-5.52 kgNha-1 year-1). The forest canopy enriched DON (2.11 ± 0.42 kg N ha-1 year-1) but consumed NO3 + NO2-N (-0.73 ± 0.19 kg N ha-1 year-1). In contrast, through the understory bamboo canopy, DON (-1.02 ± 0.55 kg N ha-1 year-1) decreased while DIN (0.35 ± 0.44 kg N ha-1 year-1) increased. This study indicates that DON and snowfall should not be neglected when evaluating total N deposition into forest ecosystems, especially in remote regions. The canopy processes related to the dissolved N in the presence of understory plants might have significant implications for the internal N cycle in forest ecosystems.
AB - Few studies have reported the estimation of nitrogen (N) deposition, including dissolved organic N (DON) fluxes, through water flows and the contribution of snowfall in Asia. In this study, the concentrations and fluxes of DON and dissolved inorganic N (DIN) in bulk precipitation (BP), the throughfall (TF) of trees and understory dwarf bamboo, and stemflow (SF) were evaluated in a cool-temperate forest over three years to clarify N fluxes via precipitation and responses of trees and understory canopies to N deposition. The input of N to the study site in BP was 11.1 ± 1.71 kg N ha-1 year-1, with a significant contribution from DON (78%). Snowfall fluxes contributed up to 46% of the totalNinput, with variations related to the amount of snowfall (2.08-5.52 kgNha-1 year-1). The forest canopy enriched DON (2.11 ± 0.42 kg N ha-1 year-1) but consumed NO3 + NO2-N (-0.73 ± 0.19 kg N ha-1 year-1). In contrast, through the understory bamboo canopy, DON (-1.02 ± 0.55 kg N ha-1 year-1) decreased while DIN (0.35 ± 0.44 kg N ha-1 year-1) increased. This study indicates that DON and snowfall should not be neglected when evaluating total N deposition into forest ecosystems, especially in remote regions. The canopy processes related to the dissolved N in the presence of understory plants might have significant implications for the internal N cycle in forest ecosystems.
KW - Dissolved inorganic nitrogen
KW - Dissolved organic nitrogen
KW - Net throughfall
KW - Stemflow
KW - Takayama forest
KW - Throughfall
KW - Understory
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U2 - 10.3390/f10080631
DO - 10.3390/f10080631
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85070566735
SN - 1999-4907
VL - 10
JO - Forests
JF - Forests
IS - 8
M1 - 631
ER -