TY - CHAP
T1 - Patterns of spin-outs and innovation
AU - Shimizu, Hiroshi
N1 - Funding Information:
Furthermore, compared with the U.S., the amount of funds provided by venture capital for spin-out was small in Japan. Three venture capital funding sources were established in Japan as public institutions according to the Small and Medium Business Investment & Consultation Companies Act of 1963. This act was supported by Tokyo Small and Medium Business Investment & Consultation Corporation, Osaka Small and Medium Business Investment & Consultation Corporation, and Nagoya Small and Medium Business Investment & Consultation Corporation. Triggered by the establishment of Kyoto Enterprise Development in 1972, some private venture capital firms were formed in 1973. However, even in the mid-1980s, American venture capital exceeded 24 billion U.S. dollars, whereas that of Japan was only about 3 billion U.S. dollars.30Thus, for researchers and managers of Japanese firms, the opportunity cost for a spin-out was large, and venture capital and other systems to promote spin-out were not generally available.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Up until Part II, this study has been exploring the history of technological evolution in laser diode, mainly in U.S. and Japan. Let us now focus on the pattern of spin-out and innovation. This chapter first examines the pattern of innovation in technology in the U.S. and Japan. Then, it analyzes how spin-outs affected their respective patterns of innovation.
AB - Up until Part II, this study has been exploring the history of technological evolution in laser diode, mainly in U.S. and Japan. Let us now focus on the pattern of spin-out and innovation. This chapter first examines the pattern of innovation in technology in the U.S. and Japan. Then, it analyzes how spin-outs affected their respective patterns of innovation.
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U2 - 10.1007/978-981-13-3714-7_12
DO - 10.1007/978-981-13-3714-7_12
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:85078735676
T3 - Advances in Japanese Business and Economics
SP - 221
EP - 245
BT - Advances in Japanese Business and Economics
PB - Springer
ER -