Quantitative evaluation of PV output curtailment waiting effects by power conditioning system in distribution network and determination of appropriate waiting time based on evaluated results

In this paper, waiting effects of photovoltaic generation (PV) output curtailment by power conditioning system (PCS) on voltage management in a distribution network are quantitatively evaluated, and an appropriate waiting time is determined based on the evaluated results. PV output generation can be categorized to 5 groups based on the weather characteristics, and the waiting effects are evaluated in terms of PV output curtailment amount, cumulative voltage violation amount, maximum voltage violation, and the number of tap operations as the impacts on a distribution system operator and customers. Through a numerical simulation, we found that the waiting time effects in cloudy groups were higher than other groups with keeping the maximum voltage violation lower than the allowable voltage limit. Also, the appropriate waiting time for PCS control was determined based on the relationship between the waiting time and PV output curtailment reduction rate. The results also represent that we do not need to set a longer waiting time from the viewpoints of PV output curtailment reduction rate though the waiting time should be set larger than the time delay of voltage regulators.