TY - JOUR
T1 - Scintillator Selection for MR-Compatible Gamma Detectors
AU - Yamamoto, S.
AU - Kuroda, K.
AU - Senda, M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Mr. Okuuchi, of IBRI for supporting the experiments using MRI. They would also like to thank Mr. Miyake of Kobelco-kaken Co. for measuring the susceptibility of the scintillators. This work was partly supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).
PY - 2003/10
Y1 - 2003/10
N2 - We investigated the magnetic susceptibility of several scintillators to select the best material for MR-compatible gamma detectors. NaI(Tl) in an Al container, NaI(Tl) in a Cu container and CsI(Tl) are candidates for MR-compatible gamma probes, imaging probes or SPECT, while BGO, LSO, LGSO, and GSO are the candidates for MR-compatible PET. In addition, we investigated image artifacts and distortion by scanning these scintillators with an MR-scanner. Results show that the magnetic susceptibility of NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl), BGO, and LSO showed similarities to that of human tissue. Of these scintillators, NaI(Tl) in a Cu container showed the closest to that of susceptibility to human tissue and fewest artifacts on the MRI image. It is a good material for an MR-compatible gamma probe or imaging probe as well as SPECT. For MR-compatible PET, BGO, and LSO showed similar susceptibility to that of human tissue and small artifacts on the MRI images. However, LGSO and GSO showed much greater susceptibility than human tissue, and produced significant artifacts and distortion in the MRI images due to the presence of gadolinium (Gd) in these scintillators.
AB - We investigated the magnetic susceptibility of several scintillators to select the best material for MR-compatible gamma detectors. NaI(Tl) in an Al container, NaI(Tl) in a Cu container and CsI(Tl) are candidates for MR-compatible gamma probes, imaging probes or SPECT, while BGO, LSO, LGSO, and GSO are the candidates for MR-compatible PET. In addition, we investigated image artifacts and distortion by scanning these scintillators with an MR-scanner. Results show that the magnetic susceptibility of NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl), BGO, and LSO showed similarities to that of human tissue. Of these scintillators, NaI(Tl) in a Cu container showed the closest to that of susceptibility to human tissue and fewest artifacts on the MRI image. It is a good material for an MR-compatible gamma probe or imaging probe as well as SPECT. For MR-compatible PET, BGO, and LSO showed similar susceptibility to that of human tissue and small artifacts on the MRI images. However, LGSO and GSO showed much greater susceptibility than human tissue, and produced significant artifacts and distortion in the MRI images due to the presence of gadolinium (Gd) in these scintillators.
KW - Artifacts
KW - MRI
KW - Scintillators
KW - Susceptibility
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U2 - 10.1109/TNS.2003.817375
DO - 10.1109/TNS.2003.817375
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0142031161
SN - 0018-9499
VL - 50
SP - 1683
EP - 1685
JO - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
IS - 5 II
ER -