Abstract
The metal abundance of the hot plasma that permeates galaxy clusters represents the accumulation of heavy elements produced by billions of supernovae. Therefore, X-ray spectroscopy of the intracluster medium provides an opportunity to investigate the nature of supernova explosions integrated over cosmic time. In particular, the abundance of the iron-peak elements (chromium, manganese, iron and nickel) is key to understanding how the progenitors of typical type Ia supernovae evolve and explode. Recent X-ray studies of the intracluster medium found that the abundance ratios of these elements differ substantially from those seen in the Sun, suggesting differences between the nature of type Ia supernovae in the clusters and in the Milky Way. However, because the K-shell transition lines of chromium and manganese are weak and those of iron and nickel are very close in photon energy, high-resolution spectroscopy is required for an accurate determination of the abundances of these elements. Here we report observations of the Perseus cluster, with statistically significant detections of the resonance emission from chromium, manganese and nickel. Our measurements, combined with the latest atomic models, reveal that these elements have near-solar abundance ratios with respect to iron, in contrast to previous claims. Comparison between our results and modern nucleosynthesis calculations disfavours the hypothesis that type Ia supernova progenitors are exclusively white dwarfs with masses well below the Chandrasekhar limit (about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun). The observed abundance pattern of the iron-peak elements can be explained by taking into account a combination of near- A nd sub-Chandrasekhar-mass type Ia supernova systems, adding to the mounting evidence that both progenitor types make a substantial contribution to cosmic chemical enrichment.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 478-480 |
| Number of pages | 3 |
| Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 551 |
| Issue number | 7681 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2017 Nov 23 |
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Solar abundance ratios of the iron-peak elements in the Perseus cluster. / Aharonian, Felix; Akamatsu, Hiroki; Akimoto, Fumie; Allen, Steven W.; Angelini, Lorella; Audard, Marc; Awaki, Hisamitsu; Axelsson, Magnus; Bamba, Aya; Bautz, Marshall W.; Blandford, Roger; Brenneman, Laura W.; Brown, Gregory V.; Bulbul, Esra; Cackett, Edward M.; Chernyakova, Maria; Chiao, Meng P.; Coppi, Paolo S.; Costantini, Elisa; De Plaa, Jelle; Den Herder, Jan Willem; Done, Chris; Dotani, Tadayasu; Ebisawa, Ken; Eckart, Megan E.; Enoto, Teruaki; Ezoe, Yuichiro; Fabian, Andrew C.; Ferrigno, Carlo; Foster, Adam R.; Fujimoto, Ryuichi; Fukazawa, Yasushi; Furuzawa, Akihiro; Galeazzi, Massimiliano; Gallo, Luigi C.; Gandhi, Poshak; Giustini, Margherita; Goldwurm, Andrea; Gu, Liyi; Guainazzi, Matteo; Haba, Yoshito; Hagino, Kouichi; Hamaguchi, Kenji; Harrus, Ilana M.; Hatsukade, Isamu; Hayashi, Katsuhiro; Hayashi, Takayuki; Hayashida, Kiyoshi; Hiraga, Junko S.; Hornschemeier, Ann; Hoshino, Akio; Hughes, John P.; Ichinohe, Yuto; Iizuka, Ryo; Inoue, Hajime; Inoue, Yoshiyuki; Ishida, Manabu; Ishikawa, Kumi; Ishisaki, Yoshitaka; Iwai, Masachika; Kaastra, Jelle; Kallman, Tim; Kamae, Tsuneyoshi; Kataoka, Jun; Katsuda, Satoru; Kawai, Nobuyuki; Kelley, Richard L.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Kitaguchi, Takao; Kitamoto, Shunji; Kitayama, Tetsu; Kohmura, Takayoshi; Kokubun, Motohide; Koyama, Katsuji; Koyama, Shu; Kretschmar, Peter; Krimm, Hans A.; Kubota, Aya; Kunieda, Hideyo; Laurent, Philippe; Lee, Shiu Hang; Leutenegger, Maurice A.; Limousine, Olivier; Loewenstein, Michael; Long, Knox S.; Lumb, David; Madejski, Greg; Maeda, Yoshitomo; Maier, Daniel; Makishima, Kazuo; Markevitch, Maxim; Matsumoto, Hironori; Matsushita, Kyoko; McCammon, Dan; McNamara, Brian R.; Mehdipour, Missagh; Miller, Eric D.; Miller, Jon M.; Mineshige, Shin; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa; Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki; Miyazawa, Takuya; Mizuno, Tsunefumi; Mori, Hideyuki; Mori, Koji; Mukai, Koji; Murakami, Hiroshi; Mushotzky, Richard F.; Nakagawa, Takao; Nakajima, Hiroshi; Nakamori, Takeshi; Nakashima, Shinya; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro; Nobukawa, Kumiko K.; Nobukawa, Masayoshi; Noda, Hirofumi; Odaka, Hirokazu; Ohashi, Takaya; Ohno, Masanori; Okajima, Takashi; Ota, Naomi; Ozaki, Masanobu; Paerels, Frits; Paltani, Stéphane; Petre, Robert; Pinto, Ciro; Frederick, S. Porter; Pottschmidt, Katja; Christopher, S. Reynolds; Safi-Harb, Samar; Saito, Shinya; Sakai, Kazuhiro; Sasaki, Toru; Sato, Goro; Sato, Kosuke; Sato, Rie; Sawada, Makoto; Schartel, Norbert; Serlemitsos, Peter J.; Seta, Hiromi; Shidatsu, Megumi; Simionescu, Aurora; Smith, Randall K.; Soong, Yang; Stawarz, Lukasz; Sugawara, Yasuharu; Sugita, Satoshi; Szymkowiak, Andrew; Tajima, Hiroyasu; Takahashi, Hiromitsu; Takahashi, Tadayuki; Ichirotakeda, Shin; Takei, Yoh; Tamagawa, Toru; Tamura, Takayuki; Tanaka, Takaaki; Tanaka, Yasuo; Tanaka, Yasuyuki T.; Tashiro, Makoto S.; Tawara, Yuzuru; Terada, Yukikatsu; Terashima, Yuichi; Tombesi, Francesco; Tomida, Hiroshi; Tsuboi, Yohko; Tsujimoto, Masahiro; Tsunemi, Hiroshi; Tsuru, Takeshi Go; Uchida, Hiroyuki; Uchiyama, Hideki; Uchiyama, Yasunobu; Ueda, Shutaro; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Uno, Shinichiro; Urry, C. Megan; Ursino, Eugenio; Vries, Cor P.De; Watanabe, Shin; Werner, Norbert; Wik, Daniel R.; Wilkins, Dan R.; Williams, Brian J.; Yamada, Shinya; Yamaguchi, Hiroya; Yamaoka, Kazutaka; Yamasaki, Noriko Y.; Yamauchi, Makoto; Yamauchi, Shigeo; Yaqoob, Tahir; Yatsu, Yoichi; Yonetoku, Daisuke; Zhuravleva, Irina; Zoghbi, Abderahmen.
In: Nature, Vol. 551, No. 7681, 23.11.2017, p. 478-480.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Solar abundance ratios of the iron-peak elements in the Perseus cluster
AU - Aharonian, Felix
AU - Akamatsu, Hiroki
AU - Akimoto, Fumie
AU - Allen, Steven W.
AU - Angelini, Lorella
AU - Audard, Marc
AU - Awaki, Hisamitsu
AU - Axelsson, Magnus
AU - Bamba, Aya
AU - Bautz, Marshall W.
AU - Blandford, Roger
AU - Brenneman, Laura W.
AU - Brown, Gregory V.
AU - Bulbul, Esra
AU - Cackett, Edward M.
AU - Chernyakova, Maria
AU - Chiao, Meng P.
AU - Coppi, Paolo S.
AU - Costantini, Elisa
AU - De Plaa, Jelle
AU - Den Herder, Jan Willem
AU - Done, Chris
AU - Dotani, Tadayasu
AU - Ebisawa, Ken
AU - Eckart, Megan E.
AU - Enoto, Teruaki
AU - Ezoe, Yuichiro
AU - Fabian, Andrew C.
AU - Ferrigno, Carlo
AU - Foster, Adam R.
AU - Fujimoto, Ryuichi
AU - Fukazawa, Yasushi
AU - Furuzawa, Akihiro
AU - Galeazzi, Massimiliano
AU - Gallo, Luigi C.
AU - Gandhi, Poshak
AU - Giustini, Margherita
AU - Goldwurm, Andrea
AU - Gu, Liyi
AU - Guainazzi, Matteo
AU - Haba, Yoshito
AU - Hagino, Kouichi
AU - Hamaguchi, Kenji
AU - Harrus, Ilana M.
AU - Hatsukade, Isamu
AU - Hayashi, Katsuhiro
AU - Hayashi, Takayuki
AU - Hayashida, Kiyoshi
AU - Hiraga, Junko S.
AU - Hornschemeier, Ann
AU - Hoshino, Akio
AU - Hughes, John P.
AU - Ichinohe, Yuto
AU - Iizuka, Ryo
AU - Inoue, Hajime
AU - Inoue, Yoshiyuki
AU - Ishida, Manabu
AU - Ishikawa, Kumi
AU - Ishisaki, Yoshitaka
AU - Iwai, Masachika
AU - Kaastra, Jelle
AU - Kallman, Tim
AU - Kamae, Tsuneyoshi
AU - Kataoka, Jun
AU - Katsuda, Satoru
AU - Kawai, Nobuyuki
AU - Kelley, Richard L.
AU - Kilbourne, Caroline A.
AU - Kitaguchi, Takao
AU - Kitamoto, Shunji
AU - Kitayama, Tetsu
AU - Kohmura, Takayoshi
AU - Kokubun, Motohide
AU - Koyama, Katsuji
AU - Koyama, Shu
AU - Kretschmar, Peter
AU - Krimm, Hans A.
AU - Kubota, Aya
AU - Kunieda, Hideyo
AU - Laurent, Philippe
AU - Lee, Shiu Hang
AU - Leutenegger, Maurice A.
AU - Limousine, Olivier
AU - Loewenstein, Michael
AU - Long, Knox S.
AU - Lumb, David
AU - Madejski, Greg
AU - Maeda, Yoshitomo
AU - Maier, Daniel
AU - Makishima, Kazuo
AU - Markevitch, Maxim
AU - Matsumoto, Hironori
AU - Matsushita, Kyoko
AU - McCammon, Dan
AU - McNamara, Brian R.
AU - Mehdipour, Missagh
AU - Miller, Eric D.
AU - Miller, Jon M.
AU - Mineshige, Shin
AU - Mitsuda, Kazuhisa
AU - Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki
AU - Miyazawa, Takuya
AU - Mizuno, Tsunefumi
AU - Mori, Hideyuki
AU - Mori, Koji
AU - Mukai, Koji
AU - Murakami, Hiroshi
AU - Mushotzky, Richard F.
AU - Nakagawa, Takao
AU - Nakajima, Hiroshi
AU - Nakamori, Takeshi
AU - Nakashima, Shinya
AU - Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
AU - Nobukawa, Kumiko K.
AU - Nobukawa, Masayoshi
AU - Noda, Hirofumi
AU - Odaka, Hirokazu
AU - Ohashi, Takaya
AU - Ohno, Masanori
AU - Okajima, Takashi
AU - Ota, Naomi
AU - Ozaki, Masanobu
AU - Paerels, Frits
AU - Paltani, Stéphane
AU - Petre, Robert
AU - Pinto, Ciro
AU - Frederick, S. Porter
AU - Pottschmidt, Katja
AU - Christopher, S. Reynolds
AU - Safi-Harb, Samar
AU - Saito, Shinya
AU - Sakai, Kazuhiro
AU - Sasaki, Toru
AU - Sato, Goro
AU - Sato, Kosuke
AU - Sato, Rie
AU - Sawada, Makoto
AU - Schartel, Norbert
AU - Serlemitsos, Peter J.
AU - Seta, Hiromi
AU - Shidatsu, Megumi
AU - Simionescu, Aurora
AU - Smith, Randall K.
AU - Soong, Yang
AU - Stawarz, Lukasz
AU - Sugawara, Yasuharu
AU - Sugita, Satoshi
AU - Szymkowiak, Andrew
AU - Tajima, Hiroyasu
AU - Takahashi, Hiromitsu
AU - Takahashi, Tadayuki
AU - Ichirotakeda, Shin
AU - Takei, Yoh
AU - Tamagawa, Toru
AU - Tamura, Takayuki
AU - Tanaka, Takaaki
AU - Tanaka, Yasuo
AU - Tanaka, Yasuyuki T.
AU - Tashiro, Makoto S.
AU - Tawara, Yuzuru
AU - Terada, Yukikatsu
AU - Terashima, Yuichi
AU - Tombesi, Francesco
AU - Tomida, Hiroshi
AU - Tsuboi, Yohko
AU - Tsujimoto, Masahiro
AU - Tsunemi, Hiroshi
AU - Tsuru, Takeshi Go
AU - Uchida, Hiroyuki
AU - Uchiyama, Hideki
AU - Uchiyama, Yasunobu
AU - Ueda, Shutaro
AU - Ueda, Yoshihiro
AU - Uno, Shinichiro
AU - Urry, C. Megan
AU - Ursino, Eugenio
AU - Vries, Cor P.De
AU - Watanabe, Shin
AU - Werner, Norbert
AU - Wik, Daniel R.
AU - Wilkins, Dan R.
AU - Williams, Brian J.
AU - Yamada, Shinya
AU - Yamaguchi, Hiroya
AU - Yamaoka, Kazutaka
AU - Yamasaki, Noriko Y.
AU - Yamauchi, Makoto
AU - Yamauchi, Shigeo
AU - Yaqoob, Tahir
AU - Yatsu, Yoichi
AU - Yonetoku, Daisuke
AU - Zhuravleva, Irina
AU - Zoghbi, Abderahmen
PY - 2017/11/23
Y1 - 2017/11/23
N2 - The metal abundance of the hot plasma that permeates galaxy clusters represents the accumulation of heavy elements produced by billions of supernovae. Therefore, X-ray spectroscopy of the intracluster medium provides an opportunity to investigate the nature of supernova explosions integrated over cosmic time. In particular, the abundance of the iron-peak elements (chromium, manganese, iron and nickel) is key to understanding how the progenitors of typical type Ia supernovae evolve and explode. Recent X-ray studies of the intracluster medium found that the abundance ratios of these elements differ substantially from those seen in the Sun, suggesting differences between the nature of type Ia supernovae in the clusters and in the Milky Way. However, because the K-shell transition lines of chromium and manganese are weak and those of iron and nickel are very close in photon energy, high-resolution spectroscopy is required for an accurate determination of the abundances of these elements. Here we report observations of the Perseus cluster, with statistically significant detections of the resonance emission from chromium, manganese and nickel. Our measurements, combined with the latest atomic models, reveal that these elements have near-solar abundance ratios with respect to iron, in contrast to previous claims. Comparison between our results and modern nucleosynthesis calculations disfavours the hypothesis that type Ia supernova progenitors are exclusively white dwarfs with masses well below the Chandrasekhar limit (about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun). The observed abundance pattern of the iron-peak elements can be explained by taking into account a combination of near- A nd sub-Chandrasekhar-mass type Ia supernova systems, adding to the mounting evidence that both progenitor types make a substantial contribution to cosmic chemical enrichment.
AB - The metal abundance of the hot plasma that permeates galaxy clusters represents the accumulation of heavy elements produced by billions of supernovae. Therefore, X-ray spectroscopy of the intracluster medium provides an opportunity to investigate the nature of supernova explosions integrated over cosmic time. In particular, the abundance of the iron-peak elements (chromium, manganese, iron and nickel) is key to understanding how the progenitors of typical type Ia supernovae evolve and explode. Recent X-ray studies of the intracluster medium found that the abundance ratios of these elements differ substantially from those seen in the Sun, suggesting differences between the nature of type Ia supernovae in the clusters and in the Milky Way. However, because the K-shell transition lines of chromium and manganese are weak and those of iron and nickel are very close in photon energy, high-resolution spectroscopy is required for an accurate determination of the abundances of these elements. Here we report observations of the Perseus cluster, with statistically significant detections of the resonance emission from chromium, manganese and nickel. Our measurements, combined with the latest atomic models, reveal that these elements have near-solar abundance ratios with respect to iron, in contrast to previous claims. Comparison between our results and modern nucleosynthesis calculations disfavours the hypothesis that type Ia supernova progenitors are exclusively white dwarfs with masses well below the Chandrasekhar limit (about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun). The observed abundance pattern of the iron-peak elements can be explained by taking into account a combination of near- A nd sub-Chandrasekhar-mass type Ia supernova systems, adding to the mounting evidence that both progenitor types make a substantial contribution to cosmic chemical enrichment.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85034843941&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85034843941&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/nature24301
DO - 10.1038/nature24301
M3 - Article
VL - 551
SP - 478
EP - 480
JO - Nature
JF - Nature
SN - 0028-0836
IS - 7681
ER -