TY - JOUR
T1 - The effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo
AU - Ilieva, Iliyana
AU - Ohgami, Kazuhiro
AU - Shiratori, Kenji
AU - Koyama, Yoshikazu
AU - Yoshida, Kazuhiko
AU - Kase, Satoru
AU - Kitamei, Hirokuni
AU - Takemoto, Yuko
AU - Yazawa, Kazunaga
AU - Ohno, Shigeaki
PY - 2004/8
Y1 - 2004/8
N2 - Purpose. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) contains many different flavone glycosides and terpenoides. Several previous studies have demonstrated that GBE exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including an antioxidant action, on which we focused our attention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of GBE on endotoxin induced uveitis in rats. The anti-inflammatory potency of GBE in vivo was compared with that of prednisolone. In addition, we also investigated nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the expression of iNOS in a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264·7) treated with GBE in vitro to clarify the anti-inflammatory effect. Methods. EIU was induced in male Lewis rats by a footpad injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immediately after the LPS inoculation, either 1, 10 or 100 μg of GBE were injected intravenously. 24hr later, the aqueous humor was collected from both eyes, and the number of infiltrating cells, protein concentration and NO level in the aqueous humor was determined. The RAW 264·7 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of GBE for 24hr and subsequently incubated with LPS for 24hr. Levels of NO, PGE2 and TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of iNOS protein was analyzed by Western blotting method. Results. GBE treatment in vivo decreased the concentrations of protein and NO in the aqueous humor of EIU rats. The anti-inflammatory effect of 1 mg GBE was as strong as that of same dose prednisolone. It also significantly reduced the concentration of PGE2, TNF-α and NO production in the medium of RAW 264·7 cells compared to that of the LPS group in vitro. The expression of iNOS protein in the 1000 μg ml -1 of GBE treated cells decreased significantly. Conclusion. The present results indicate GBE suppresses the inflammation of EIU by blocking the iNOS protein expression and its anti-inflammatory effect on eye is comparable with the effect of prednisolone used in similar doses.
AB - Purpose. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) contains many different flavone glycosides and terpenoides. Several previous studies have demonstrated that GBE exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including an antioxidant action, on which we focused our attention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of GBE on endotoxin induced uveitis in rats. The anti-inflammatory potency of GBE in vivo was compared with that of prednisolone. In addition, we also investigated nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the expression of iNOS in a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264·7) treated with GBE in vitro to clarify the anti-inflammatory effect. Methods. EIU was induced in male Lewis rats by a footpad injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Immediately after the LPS inoculation, either 1, 10 or 100 μg of GBE were injected intravenously. 24hr later, the aqueous humor was collected from both eyes, and the number of infiltrating cells, protein concentration and NO level in the aqueous humor was determined. The RAW 264·7 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of GBE for 24hr and subsequently incubated with LPS for 24hr. Levels of NO, PGE2 and TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of iNOS protein was analyzed by Western blotting method. Results. GBE treatment in vivo decreased the concentrations of protein and NO in the aqueous humor of EIU rats. The anti-inflammatory effect of 1 mg GBE was as strong as that of same dose prednisolone. It also significantly reduced the concentration of PGE2, TNF-α and NO production in the medium of RAW 264·7 cells compared to that of the LPS group in vitro. The expression of iNOS protein in the 1000 μg ml -1 of GBE treated cells decreased significantly. Conclusion. The present results indicate GBE suppresses the inflammation of EIU by blocking the iNOS protein expression and its anti-inflammatory effect on eye is comparable with the effect of prednisolone used in similar doses.
KW - anti-inflammatory agent
KW - ginkgo biloba extract
KW - inducible nitricoxide synthase
KW - nitric oxide
KW - uveitis
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U2 - 10.1016/j.exer.2004.03.009
DO - 10.1016/j.exer.2004.03.009
M3 - Article
C2 - 15325565
AN - SCOPUS:4344696660
SN - 0014-4835
VL - 79
SP - 181
EP - 187
JO - Experimental Eye Research
JF - Experimental Eye Research
IS - 2
ER -