The energy spectrum of the light components (P+He) at the knee obtained by the Tibet air shower core detector

Y. Katayose; M. Amenomori; S. Ayabe; D. Chen; S. W. Cui; Danzengluobu; L. K. Ding; X. H. Ding; C. F. Feng; Z. Y. Feng; X. Y. Gao; Q. X. Geng; H. W. Guo; H. H. He; M. He; K. Hibino; N. Hotta; Haibing Hu; H. B. Hu; J. Huang; Q. Huang; H. Y. Jia; F. Kajino; K. Kasahara; C. Kato; K. Kawata; Labaciren; G. M. Le; J. Y. Li; H. Lu; S. L. Lu; X. R. Meng; K. Mizutani; J. Mu; K. Munakata; A. Nagai; H. Nanjo; M. Nishizawa; M. Ohnishi; I. Ohta; H. Onuma; T. Ouchi; Shunsuke Ozawa; J. R. Ren; T. Saito; M. Sakata; T. Sasaki; M. Shibata; A. Shiomi; T. Shirai; H. Sugimoto; M. Takita; Y. H. Tan; N. Tateyama; Shoji Torii; H. Tsuchiya; S. Udo; H. Wang; X. Wang; Y. G. Wang; H. R. Wu; L. Xue; Y. Yamamoto; C. T. Yan; X. C. Yang; S. Yasue; Z. H. Ye; G. C. Yu; A. F. Yuan; T. Yuda; H. M. Zhang; J. L. Zhang; N. J. Zhang; X. Y. Zhang; Y. Zhang; Yi Zhang; Zhaxisangzhu; X. X. Zhou

The energy spectrum of the light components (P+He) at the knee obtained by the Tibet air shower core detector

Y. Katayose^*, M. Amenomori, S. Ayabe, D. Chen, S. W. Cui, Danzengluobu, L. K. Ding, X. H. Ding, C. F. Feng, Z. Y. Feng, X. Y. Gao, Q. X. Geng, H. W. Guo, H. H. He, M. He, K. Hibino, N. Hotta, Haibing Hu, H. B. Hu, J. HuangQ. Huang, H. Y. Jia, F. Kajino, K. Kasahara, C. Kato, K. Kawata, Labaciren, G. M. Le, J. Y. Li, H. Lu, S. L. Lu, X. R. Meng, K. Mizutani, J. Mu, K. Munakata, A. Nagai, H. Nanjo, M. Nishizawa, M. Ohnishi, I. Ohta, H. Onuma, T. Ouchi, Shunsuke Ozawa, J. R. Ren, T. Saito, M. Sakata, T. Sasaki, M. Shibata, A. Shiomi, T. Shirai, H. Sugimoto, M. Takita, Y. H. Tan, N. Tateyama, Shoji Torii, H. Tsuchiya, S. Udo, H. Wang, X. Wang, Y. G. Wang, H. R. Wu, L. Xue, Y. Yamamoto, C. T. Yan, X. C. Yang, S. Yasue, Z. H. Ye, G. C. Yu, A. F. Yuan, T. Yuda, H. M. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, N. J. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Yi Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

A hybrid experiment was carried out to study the cosmic-ray primary composition in the 'knee' energy region. The experimental set-up consists of the Tibet-II air shower array( AS ), the emulsion chamber ( EC ) and the burst detector ( BD ) which are operated simulteneously and provides us information on the primary species. For three-year operation, we have observed 177 γ -families ( ∑Eγ 20 TeV ) accompanying air showers with the shower size N_e≥ × 10⁵. Using this data set and a neural network method to select proton and helium induced events, the primary proton and helium energy spectra are obtained between 10¹⁵ and 10 ¹⁶. The proton spectrum, thus obtained, can be expressed by a single power-law function with a differential index of -3.01 ± 0.11 and -3.05 ± 0.12 based on the QGSJET+HD and SIBYLL+HD models, respectively, which are steeper than that extrapolated from the direct observations of -2.74 ± 0.01 vin the energy range below (10¹⁴eV. Our experiment suggests that the main component responsible for making the knee structure of the all-particle spectrum is composed of nuclei heavier than helium.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2005
Publisher	Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Pages	185-188
Number of pages	4
Volume	6
Publication status	Published - 2005
Event	29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2005 - Pune Duration: 2005 Aug 3 → 2005 Aug 10

Other

Other	29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2005
City	Pune
Period	05/8/3 → 05/8/10

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics

Cite this

Katayose, Y., Amenomori, M., Ayabe, S., Chen, D., Cui, S. W., Danzengluobu, Ding, L. K., Ding, X. H., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z. Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., He, H. H., He, M., Hibino, K., Hotta, N., Hu, H., Hu, H. B., ... Zhou, X. X. (2005). The energy spectrum of the light components (P+He) at the knee obtained by the Tibet air shower core detector. In 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2005 (Vol. 6, pp. 185-188). Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.

Katayose, Y, Amenomori, M, Ayabe, S, Chen, D, Cui, SW, Danzengluobu, Ding, LK, Ding, XH, Feng, CF, Feng, ZY, Gao, XY, Geng, QX, Guo, HW, He, HH, He, M, Hibino, K, Hotta, N, Hu, H, Hu, HB, Huang, J, Huang, Q, Jia, HY, Kajino, F, Kasahara, K, Kato, C, Kawata, K, Labaciren, Le, GM, Li, JY, Lu, H, Lu, SL, Meng, XR, Mizutani, K, Mu, J, Munakata, K, Nagai, A, Nanjo, H, Nishizawa, M, Ohnishi, M, Ohta, I, Onuma, H, Ouchi, T, Ozawa, S, Ren, JR, Saito, T, Sakata, M, Sasaki, T, Shibata, M, Shiomi, A, Shirai, T, Sugimoto, H, Takita, M, Tan, YH, Tateyama, N, Torii, S, Tsuchiya, H, Udo, S, Wang, H, Wang, X, Wang, YG, Wu, HR, Xue, L, Yamamoto, Y, Yan, CT, Yang, XC, Yasue, S, Ye, ZH, Yu, GC, Yuan, AF, Yuda, T, Zhang, HM, Zhang, JL, Zhang, NJ, Zhang, XY, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Y, Zhaxisangzhu & Zhou, XX 2005, The energy spectrum of the light components (P+He) at the knee obtained by the Tibet air shower core detector. in 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2005. vol. 6, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, pp. 185-188, 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2005, Pune, 05/8/3.

@inproceedings{9cab82039059415e9f75621fb7f83480,

title = "The energy spectrum of the light components (P+He) at the knee obtained by the Tibet air shower core detector",

abstract = "A hybrid experiment was carried out to study the cosmic-ray primary composition in the 'knee' energy region. The experimental set-up consists of the Tibet-II air shower array( AS ), the emulsion chamber ( EC ) and the burst detector ( BD ) which are operated simulteneously and provides us information on the primary species. For three-year operation, we have observed 177 γ -families ( ∑Eγ 20 TeV ) accompanying air showers with the shower size Ne≥ × 105. Using this data set and a neural network method to select proton and helium induced events, the primary proton and helium energy spectra are obtained between 1015 and 10 16. The proton spectrum, thus obtained, can be expressed by a single power-law function with a differential index of -3.01 ± 0.11 and -3.05 ± 0.12 based on the QGSJET+HD and SIBYLL+HD models, respectively, which are steeper than that extrapolated from the direct observations of -2.74 ± 0.01 vin the energy range below (1014eV. Our experiment suggests that the main component responsible for making the knee structure of the all-particle spectrum is composed of nuclei heavier than helium.",

author = "Y. Katayose and M. Amenomori and S. Ayabe and D. Chen and Cui, {S. W.} and Danzengluobu and Ding, {L. K.} and Ding, {X. H.} and Feng, {C. F.} and Feng, {Z. Y.} and Gao, {X. Y.} and Geng, {Q. X.} and Guo, {H. W.} and He, {H. H.} and M. He and K. Hibino and N. Hotta and Haibing Hu and Hu, {H. B.} and J. Huang and Q. Huang and Jia, {H. Y.} and F. Kajino and K. Kasahara and C. Kato and K. Kawata and Labaciren and Le, {G. M.} and Li, {J. Y.} and H. Lu and Lu, {S. L.} and Meng, {X. R.} and K. Mizutani and J. Mu and K. Munakata and A. Nagai and H. Nanjo and M. Nishizawa and M. Ohnishi and I. Ohta and H. Onuma and T. Ouchi and Shunsuke Ozawa and Ren, {J. R.} and T. Saito and M. Sakata and T. Sasaki and M. Shibata and A. Shiomi and T. Shirai and H. Sugimoto and M. Takita and Tan, {Y. H.} and N. Tateyama and Shoji Torii and H. Tsuchiya and S. Udo and H. Wang and X. Wang and Wang, {Y. G.} and Wu, {H. R.} and L. Xue and Y. Yamamoto and Yan, {C. T.} and Yang, {X. C.} and S. Yasue and Ye, {Z. H.} and Yu, {G. C.} and Yuan, {A. F.} and T. Yuda and Zhang, {H. M.} and Zhang, {J. L.} and Zhang, {N. J.} and Zhang, {X. Y.} and Y. Zhang and Yi Zhang and Zhaxisangzhu and Zhou, {X. X.}",

year = "2005",

language = "English",

volume = "6",

pages = "185--188",

booktitle = "29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2005",

publisher = "Tata Institute of Fundamental Research",

note = "29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2005 ; Conference date: 03-08-2005 Through 10-08-2005",

}

TY - GEN

T1 - The energy spectrum of the light components (P+He) at the knee obtained by the Tibet air shower core detector

AU - Katayose, Y.

AU - Amenomori, M.

AU - Ayabe, S.

AU - Chen, D.

AU - Cui, S. W.

AU - Danzengluobu,

AU - Ding, L. K.

AU - Ding, X. H.

AU - Feng, C. F.

AU - Feng, Z. Y.

AU - Gao, X. Y.

AU - Geng, Q. X.

AU - Guo, H. W.

AU - He, H. H.

AU - He, M.

AU - Hibino, K.

AU - Hotta, N.

AU - Hu, Haibing

AU - Hu, H. B.

AU - Huang, J.

AU - Huang, Q.

AU - Jia, H. Y.

AU - Kajino, F.

AU - Kasahara, K.

AU - Kato, C.

AU - Kawata, K.

AU - Labaciren,

AU - Le, G. M.

AU - Li, J. Y.

AU - Lu, H.

AU - Lu, S. L.

AU - Meng, X. R.

AU - Mizutani, K.

AU - Mu, J.

AU - Munakata, K.

AU - Nagai, A.

AU - Nanjo, H.

AU - Nishizawa, M.

AU - Ohnishi, M.

AU - Ohta, I.

AU - Onuma, H.

AU - Ouchi, T.

AU - Ozawa, Shunsuke

AU - Ren, J. R.

AU - Saito, T.

AU - Sakata, M.

AU - Sasaki, T.

AU - Shibata, M.

AU - Shiomi, A.

AU - Shirai, T.

AU - Sugimoto, H.

AU - Takita, M.

AU - Tan, Y. H.

AU - Tateyama, N.

AU - Torii, Shoji

AU - Tsuchiya, H.

AU - Udo, S.

AU - Wang, H.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Wang, Y. G.

AU - Wu, H. R.

AU - Xue, L.

AU - Yamamoto, Y.

AU - Yan, C. T.

AU - Yang, X. C.

AU - Yasue, S.

AU - Ye, Z. H.

AU - Yu, G. C.

AU - Yuan, A. F.

AU - Yuda, T.

AU - Zhang, H. M.

AU - Zhang, J. L.

AU - Zhang, N. J.

AU - Zhang, X. Y.

AU - Zhang, Y.

AU - Zhang, Yi

AU - Zhaxisangzhu,

AU - Zhou, X. X.

PY - 2005

Y1 - 2005

N2 - A hybrid experiment was carried out to study the cosmic-ray primary composition in the 'knee' energy region. The experimental set-up consists of the Tibet-II air shower array( AS ), the emulsion chamber ( EC ) and the burst detector ( BD ) which are operated simulteneously and provides us information on the primary species. For three-year operation, we have observed 177 γ -families ( ∑Eγ 20 TeV ) accompanying air showers with the shower size Ne≥ × 105. Using this data set and a neural network method to select proton and helium induced events, the primary proton and helium energy spectra are obtained between 1015 and 10 16. The proton spectrum, thus obtained, can be expressed by a single power-law function with a differential index of -3.01 ± 0.11 and -3.05 ± 0.12 based on the QGSJET+HD and SIBYLL+HD models, respectively, which are steeper than that extrapolated from the direct observations of -2.74 ± 0.01 vin the energy range below (1014eV. Our experiment suggests that the main component responsible for making the knee structure of the all-particle spectrum is composed of nuclei heavier than helium.

AB - A hybrid experiment was carried out to study the cosmic-ray primary composition in the 'knee' energy region. The experimental set-up consists of the Tibet-II air shower array( AS ), the emulsion chamber ( EC ) and the burst detector ( BD ) which are operated simulteneously and provides us information on the primary species. For three-year operation, we have observed 177 γ -families ( ∑Eγ 20 TeV ) accompanying air showers with the shower size Ne≥ × 105. Using this data set and a neural network method to select proton and helium induced events, the primary proton and helium energy spectra are obtained between 1015 and 10 16. The proton spectrum, thus obtained, can be expressed by a single power-law function with a differential index of -3.01 ± 0.11 and -3.05 ± 0.12 based on the QGSJET+HD and SIBYLL+HD models, respectively, which are steeper than that extrapolated from the direct observations of -2.74 ± 0.01 vin the energy range below (1014eV. Our experiment suggests that the main component responsible for making the knee structure of the all-particle spectrum is composed of nuclei heavier than helium.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79551468962&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=79551468962&partnerID=8YFLogxK

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:79551468962

VL - 6

SP - 185

EP - 188

BT - 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2005

PB - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

T2 - 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2005

Y2 - 3 August 2005 through 10 August 2005

ER -

The energy spectrum of the light components (P+He) at the knee obtained by the Tibet air shower core detector

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