Abstract
The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT, hereafter LAT), the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy γ-ray telescope, covering the energy range from 20MeV to more than 300GeV. During the first years of the mission, the LAT team has gained considerable insight into the in-flight performance of the instrument. Accordingly, we have updated the analysis used to reduce LAT data for public release as well as the instrument response functions (IRFs), the description of the instrument performance provided for data analysis. In this paper, we describe the effects that motivated these updates. Furthermore, we discuss how we originally derived IRFs from Monte Carlo simulations and later corrected those IRFs for discrepancies observed between flight and simulated data. We also give details of the validations performed using flight data and quantify the residual uncertainties in the IRFs. Finally, we describe techniques the LAT team has developed to propagate those uncertainties into estimates of the systematic errors on common measurements such as fluxes and spectra of astrophysical sources.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 4 |
| Journal | Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series |
| Volume | 203 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2012 Nov |
Keywords
- Instrumentation: detectors
- Instrumentation: miscellaneous
- Methods: data analysis
- Methods: observational
- Telescopes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Space and Planetary Science
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The fermi large area telescope on orbit : Event classification, instrument response functions, and calibration. / Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Albert, A.; Allafort, A.; Atwood, W. B.; Axelsson, M.; Baldini, L.; Ballet, J.; Barbiellini, G.; Bastieri, D.; Bechtol, K.; Bellazzini, R.; Bissaldi, E.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bogart, J. R.; Bonamente, E.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Bouvier, A.; Brandt, T. J.; Bregeon, J.; Brigida, M.; Bruel, P.; Buehler, R.; Burnett, T. H.; Buson, S.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Caraveo, P. A.; Casandjian, J. M.; Cavazzuti, E.; Cecchi, C.; Çelik, Ö; Charles, E.; Chaves, R. C.G.; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Chiang, J.; Ciprini, S.; Claus, R.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Conrad, J.; Corbet, R.; Cutini, S.; D'Ammando, F.; Davis, D. S.; De Angelis, A.; Deklotz, M.; De Palma, F.; Dermer, C. D.; Digel, S. W.; Do Couto E Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Favuzzi, C.; Fegan, S. J.; Ferrara, E. C.; Focke, W. B.; Fortin, P.; Fukazawa, Y.; Funk, S.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Gasparrini, D.; Gehrels, N.; Giebels, B.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Giroletti, M.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Grenier, I. A.; Grove, J. E.; Guiriec, S.; Hadasch, D.; Hayashida, M.; Hays, E.; Horan, D.; Hou, X.; Hughes, R. E.; Jackson, M. S.; Jogler, T.; Jóhannesson, G.; Johnson, R. P.; Johnson, T. J.; Johnson, W. N.; Kamae, T.; Katagiri, H.; Kataoka, J.; Kerr, M.; Knödlseder, J.; Kuss, M.; Lande, J.; Larsson, S.; Latronico, L.; Lavalley, C.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Longo, F.; Loparco, F.; Lott, B.; Lovellette, M. N.; Lubrano, P.; Mazziotta, M. N.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Mehault, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Mizuno, T.; Moiseev, A. A.; Monte, C.; Monzani, M. E.; Morselli, A.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Nemmen, R.; Nishino, S.; Norris, J. P.; Nuss, E.; Ohno, M.; Ohsugi, T.; Okumura, A.; Omodei, N.; Orienti, M.; Orlando, E.; Ormes, J. F.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Perkins, J. S.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Pierbattista, M.; Piron, F.; Pivato, G.; Porter, T. A.; Racusin, J. L.; Rainò, S.; Rando, R.; Razzano, M.; Razzaque, S.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Reposeur, T.; Reyes, L. C.; Ritz, S.; Rochester, L. S.; Romoli, C.; Roth, M.; Sadrozinski, H. F.W.; Sanchez, D. A.; Saz Parkinson, P. M.; Sbarra, C.; Scargle, J. D.; Sgrò, C.; Siegal-Gaskins, J.; Siskind, E. J.; Spandre, G.; Spinelli, P.; Stephens, T. E.; Suson, D. J.; Tajima, H.; Takahashi, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Thompson, D. J.; Tibaldo, L.; Tinivella, M.; Tosti, G.; Troja, E.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Klaveren, B.; Vasileiou, V.; Vianello, G.; Vitale, V.; Waite, A. P.; Wallace, E.; Winer, B. L.; Wood, D. L.; Wood, K. S.; Wood, M.; Yang, Z.; Zimmer, S.
In: Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, Vol. 203, No. 1, 4, 11.2012.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - The fermi large area telescope on orbit
T2 - Event classification, instrument response functions, and calibration
AU - Ackermann, M.
AU - Ajello, M.
AU - Albert, A.
AU - Allafort, A.
AU - Atwood, W. B.
AU - Axelsson, M.
AU - Baldini, L.
AU - Ballet, J.
AU - Barbiellini, G.
AU - Bastieri, D.
AU - Bechtol, K.
AU - Bellazzini, R.
AU - Bissaldi, E.
AU - Blandford, R. D.
AU - Bloom, E. D.
AU - Bogart, J. R.
AU - Bonamente, E.
AU - Borgland, A. W.
AU - Bottacini, E.
AU - Bouvier, A.
AU - Brandt, T. J.
AU - Bregeon, J.
AU - Brigida, M.
AU - Bruel, P.
AU - Buehler, R.
AU - Burnett, T. H.
AU - Buson, S.
AU - Caliandro, G. A.
AU - Cameron, R. A.
AU - Caraveo, P. A.
AU - Casandjian, J. M.
AU - Cavazzuti, E.
AU - Cecchi, C.
AU - Çelik, Ö
AU - Charles, E.
AU - Chaves, R. C.G.
AU - Chekhtman, A.
AU - Cheung, C. C.
AU - Chiang, J.
AU - Ciprini, S.
AU - Claus, R.
AU - Cohen-Tanugi, J.
AU - Conrad, J.
AU - Corbet, R.
AU - Cutini, S.
AU - D'Ammando, F.
AU - Davis, D. S.
AU - De Angelis, A.
AU - Deklotz, M.
AU - De Palma, F.
AU - Dermer, C. D.
AU - Digel, S. W.
AU - Do Couto E Silva, E.
AU - Drell, P. S.
AU - Drlica-Wagner, A.
AU - Dubois, R.
AU - Favuzzi, C.
AU - Fegan, S. J.
AU - Ferrara, E. C.
AU - Focke, W. B.
AU - Fortin, P.
AU - Fukazawa, Y.
AU - Funk, S.
AU - Fusco, P.
AU - Gargano, F.
AU - Gasparrini, D.
AU - Gehrels, N.
AU - Giebels, B.
AU - Giglietto, N.
AU - Giordano, F.
AU - Giroletti, M.
AU - Glanzman, T.
AU - Godfrey, G.
AU - Grenier, I. A.
AU - Grove, J. E.
AU - Guiriec, S.
AU - Hadasch, D.
AU - Hayashida, M.
AU - Hays, E.
AU - Horan, D.
AU - Hou, X.
AU - Hughes, R. E.
AU - Jackson, M. S.
AU - Jogler, T.
AU - Jóhannesson, G.
AU - Johnson, R. P.
AU - Johnson, T. J.
AU - Johnson, W. N.
AU - Kamae, T.
AU - Katagiri, H.
AU - Kataoka, J.
AU - Kerr, M.
AU - Knödlseder, J.
AU - Kuss, M.
AU - Lande, J.
AU - Larsson, S.
AU - Latronico, L.
AU - Lavalley, C.
AU - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
AU - Longo, F.
AU - Loparco, F.
AU - Lott, B.
AU - Lovellette, M. N.
AU - Lubrano, P.
AU - Mazziotta, M. N.
AU - McConville, W.
AU - McEnery, J. E.
AU - Mehault, J.
AU - Michelson, P. F.
AU - Mitthumsiri, W.
AU - Mizuno, T.
AU - Moiseev, A. A.
AU - Monte, C.
AU - Monzani, M. E.
AU - Morselli, A.
AU - Moskalenko, I. V.
AU - Murgia, S.
AU - Naumann-Godo, M.
AU - Nemmen, R.
AU - Nishino, S.
AU - Norris, J. P.
AU - Nuss, E.
AU - Ohno, M.
AU - Ohsugi, T.
AU - Okumura, A.
AU - Omodei, N.
AU - Orienti, M.
AU - Orlando, E.
AU - Ormes, J. F.
AU - Paneque, D.
AU - Panetta, J. H.
AU - Perkins, J. S.
AU - Pesce-Rollins, M.
AU - Pierbattista, M.
AU - Piron, F.
AU - Pivato, G.
AU - Porter, T. A.
AU - Racusin, J. L.
AU - Rainò, S.
AU - Rando, R.
AU - Razzano, M.
AU - Razzaque, S.
AU - Reimer, A.
AU - Reimer, O.
AU - Reposeur, T.
AU - Reyes, L. C.
AU - Ritz, S.
AU - Rochester, L. S.
AU - Romoli, C.
AU - Roth, M.
AU - Sadrozinski, H. F.W.
AU - Sanchez, D. A.
AU - Saz Parkinson, P. M.
AU - Sbarra, C.
AU - Scargle, J. D.
AU - Sgrò, C.
AU - Siegal-Gaskins, J.
AU - Siskind, E. J.
AU - Spandre, G.
AU - Spinelli, P.
AU - Stephens, T. E.
AU - Suson, D. J.
AU - Tajima, H.
AU - Takahashi, H.
AU - Tanaka, T.
AU - Thayer, J. G.
AU - Thayer, J. B.
AU - Thompson, D. J.
AU - Tibaldo, L.
AU - Tinivella, M.
AU - Tosti, G.
AU - Troja, E.
AU - Usher, T. L.
AU - Vandenbroucke, J.
AU - Van Klaveren, B.
AU - Vasileiou, V.
AU - Vianello, G.
AU - Vitale, V.
AU - Waite, A. P.
AU - Wallace, E.
AU - Winer, B. L.
AU - Wood, D. L.
AU - Wood, K. S.
AU - Wood, M.
AU - Yang, Z.
AU - Zimmer, S.
PY - 2012/11
Y1 - 2012/11
N2 - The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT, hereafter LAT), the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy γ-ray telescope, covering the energy range from 20MeV to more than 300GeV. During the first years of the mission, the LAT team has gained considerable insight into the in-flight performance of the instrument. Accordingly, we have updated the analysis used to reduce LAT data for public release as well as the instrument response functions (IRFs), the description of the instrument performance provided for data analysis. In this paper, we describe the effects that motivated these updates. Furthermore, we discuss how we originally derived IRFs from Monte Carlo simulations and later corrected those IRFs for discrepancies observed between flight and simulated data. We also give details of the validations performed using flight data and quantify the residual uncertainties in the IRFs. Finally, we describe techniques the LAT team has developed to propagate those uncertainties into estimates of the systematic errors on common measurements such as fluxes and spectra of astrophysical sources.
AB - The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT, hereafter LAT), the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy γ-ray telescope, covering the energy range from 20MeV to more than 300GeV. During the first years of the mission, the LAT team has gained considerable insight into the in-flight performance of the instrument. Accordingly, we have updated the analysis used to reduce LAT data for public release as well as the instrument response functions (IRFs), the description of the instrument performance provided for data analysis. In this paper, we describe the effects that motivated these updates. Furthermore, we discuss how we originally derived IRFs from Monte Carlo simulations and later corrected those IRFs for discrepancies observed between flight and simulated data. We also give details of the validations performed using flight data and quantify the residual uncertainties in the IRFs. Finally, we describe techniques the LAT team has developed to propagate those uncertainties into estimates of the systematic errors on common measurements such as fluxes and spectra of astrophysical sources.
KW - Instrumentation: detectors
KW - Instrumentation: miscellaneous
KW - Methods: data analysis
KW - Methods: observational
KW - Telescopes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84867658690&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84867658690&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/0067-0049/203/1/4
DO - 10.1088/0067-0049/203/1/4
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84867658690
VL - 203
JO - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
JF - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
SN - 0067-0049
IS - 1
M1 - 4
ER -