The fermi large area telescope on orbit

Event classification, instrument response functions, and calibration

M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Albert, A. Allafort, W. B. Atwood, M. Axelsson, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, J. R. Bogart, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, E. Bottacini, A. Bouvier & 166 others T. J. Brandt, J. Bregeon, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, T. H. Burnett, S. Buson, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, J. M. Casandjian, E. Cavazzuti, C. Cecchi, Ö Çelik, E. Charles, R. C G Chaves, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Conrad, R. Corbet, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, D. S. Davis, A. De Angelis, M. Deklotz, F. De Palma, C. D. Dermer, S. W. Digel, E. Do Couto E Silva, P. S. Drell, A. Drlica-Wagner, R. Dubois, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, E. C. Ferrara, W. B. Focke, P. Fortin, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, I. A. Grenier, J. E. Grove, S. Guiriec, D. Hadasch, M. Hayashida, E. Hays, D. Horan, X. Hou, R. E. Hughes, M. S. Jackson, T. Jogler, G. Jóhannesson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, T. Kamae, H. Katagiri, Jun Kataoka, M. Kerr, J. Knödlseder, M. Kuss, J. Lande, S. Larsson, L. Latronico, C. Lavalley, M. Lemoine-Goumard, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, M. N. Mazziotta, W. McConville, J. E. McEnery, J. Mehault, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, M. Naumann-Godo, R. Nemmen, S. Nishino, J. P. Norris, E. Nuss, M. Ohno, T. Ohsugi, A. Okumura, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, J. S. Perkins, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, F. Piron, G. Pivato, T. A. Porter, J. L. Racusin, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, S. Razzaque, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, L. C. Reyes, S. Ritz, L. S. Rochester, C. Romoli, M. Roth, H. F W Sadrozinski, D. A. Sanchez, P. M. Saz Parkinson, C. Sbarra, J. D. Scargle, C. Sgrò, J. Siegal-Gaskins, E. J. Siskind, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, T. E. Stephens, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, M. Tinivella, G. Tosti, E. Troja, T. L. Usher, J. Vandenbroucke, B. Van Klaveren, V. Vasileiou, G. Vianello, V. Vitale, A. P. Waite, E. Wallace, B. L. Winer, D. L. Wood, K. S. Wood, M. Wood, Z. Yang, S. Zimmer

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

    328 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT, hereafter LAT), the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy γ-ray telescope, covering the energy range from 20MeV to more than 300GeV. During the first years of the mission, the LAT team has gained considerable insight into the in-flight performance of the instrument. Accordingly, we have updated the analysis used to reduce LAT data for public release as well as the instrument response functions (IRFs), the description of the instrument performance provided for data analysis. In this paper, we describe the effects that motivated these updates. Furthermore, we discuss how we originally derived IRFs from Monte Carlo simulations and later corrected those IRFs for discrepancies observed between flight and simulated data. We also give details of the validations performed using flight data and quantify the residual uncertainties in the IRFs. Finally, we describe techniques the LAT team has developed to propagate those uncertainties into estimates of the systematic errors on common measurements such as fluxes and spectra of astrophysical sources.

    Original languageEnglish
    Article number4
    JournalAstrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
    Volume203
    Issue number1
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2012 Nov

    Fingerprint

    flight
    telescopes
    calibration
    orbits
    field of view
    energy
    flight characteristics
    Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
    simulation
    systematic errors
    rays
    astrophysics
    coverings
    estimates
    analysis
    effect
    data analysis
    public

    Keywords

    • Instrumentation: detectors
    • Instrumentation: miscellaneous
    • Methods: data analysis
    • Methods: observational
    • Telescopes

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Space and Planetary Science
    • Astronomy and Astrophysics

    Cite this

    The fermi large area telescope on orbit : Event classification, instrument response functions, and calibration. / Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Albert, A.; Allafort, A.; Atwood, W. B.; Axelsson, M.; Baldini, L.; Ballet, J.; Barbiellini, G.; Bastieri, D.; Bechtol, K.; Bellazzini, R.; Bissaldi, E.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bogart, J. R.; Bonamente, E.; Borgland, A. W.; Bottacini, E.; Bouvier, A.; Brandt, T. J.; Bregeon, J.; Brigida, M.; Bruel, P.; Buehler, R.; Burnett, T. H.; Buson, S.; Caliandro, G. A.; Cameron, R. A.; Caraveo, P. A.; Casandjian, J. M.; Cavazzuti, E.; Cecchi, C.; Çelik, Ö; Charles, E.; Chaves, R. C G; Chekhtman, A.; Cheung, C. C.; Chiang, J.; Ciprini, S.; Claus, R.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Conrad, J.; Corbet, R.; Cutini, S.; D'Ammando, F.; Davis, D. S.; De Angelis, A.; Deklotz, M.; De Palma, F.; Dermer, C. D.; Digel, S. W.; Do Couto E Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Dubois, R.; Favuzzi, C.; Fegan, S. J.; Ferrara, E. C.; Focke, W. B.; Fortin, P.; Fukazawa, Y.; Funk, S.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Gasparrini, D.; Gehrels, N.; Giebels, B.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Giroletti, M.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Grenier, I. A.; Grove, J. E.; Guiriec, S.; Hadasch, D.; Hayashida, M.; Hays, E.; Horan, D.; Hou, X.; Hughes, R. E.; Jackson, M. S.; Jogler, T.; Jóhannesson, G.; Johnson, R. P.; Johnson, T. J.; Johnson, W. N.; Kamae, T.; Katagiri, H.; Kataoka, Jun; Kerr, M.; Knödlseder, J.; Kuss, M.; Lande, J.; Larsson, S.; Latronico, L.; Lavalley, C.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Longo, F.; Loparco, F.; Lott, B.; Lovellette, M. N.; Lubrano, P.; Mazziotta, M. N.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Mehault, J.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Mizuno, T.; Moiseev, A. A.; Monte, C.; Monzani, M. E.; Morselli, A.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Naumann-Godo, M.; Nemmen, R.; Nishino, S.; Norris, J. P.; Nuss, E.; Ohno, M.; Ohsugi, T.; Okumura, A.; Omodei, N.; Orienti, M.; Orlando, E.; Ormes, J. F.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Perkins, J. S.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Pierbattista, M.; Piron, F.; Pivato, G.; Porter, T. A.; Racusin, J. L.; Rainò, S.; Rando, R.; Razzano, M.; Razzaque, S.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Reposeur, T.; Reyes, L. C.; Ritz, S.; Rochester, L. S.; Romoli, C.; Roth, M.; Sadrozinski, H. F W; Sanchez, D. A.; Saz Parkinson, P. M.; Sbarra, C.; Scargle, J. D.; Sgrò, C.; Siegal-Gaskins, J.; Siskind, E. J.; Spandre, G.; Spinelli, P.; Stephens, T. E.; Suson, D. J.; Tajima, H.; Takahashi, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. G.; Thayer, J. B.; Thompson, D. J.; Tibaldo, L.; Tinivella, M.; Tosti, G.; Troja, E.; Usher, T. L.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Van Klaveren, B.; Vasileiou, V.; Vianello, G.; Vitale, V.; Waite, A. P.; Wallace, E.; Winer, B. L.; Wood, D. L.; Wood, K. S.; Wood, M.; Yang, Z.; Zimmer, S.

    In: Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, Vol. 203, No. 1, 4, 11.2012.

    Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

    Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Albert, A, Allafort, A, Atwood, WB, Axelsson, M, Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Bechtol, K, Bellazzini, R, Bissaldi, E, Blandford, RD, Bloom, ED, Bogart, JR, Bonamente, E, Borgland, AW, Bottacini, E, Bouvier, A, Brandt, TJ, Bregeon, J, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Burnett, TH, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Caraveo, PA, Casandjian, JM, Cavazzuti, E, Cecchi, C, Çelik, Ö, Charles, E, Chaves, RCG, Chekhtman, A, Cheung, CC, Chiang, J, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Conrad, J, Corbet, R, Cutini, S, D'Ammando, F, Davis, DS, De Angelis, A, Deklotz, M, De Palma, F, Dermer, CD, Digel, SW, Do Couto E Silva, E, Drell, PS, Drlica-Wagner, A, Dubois, R, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, SJ, Ferrara, EC, Focke, WB, Fortin, P, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Gehrels, N, Giebels, B, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Grenier, IA, Grove, JE, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hayashida, M, Hays, E, Horan, D, Hou, X, Hughes, RE, Jackson, MS, Jogler, T, Jóhannesson, G, Johnson, RP, Johnson, TJ, Johnson, WN, Kamae, T, Katagiri, H, Kataoka, J, Kerr, M, Knödlseder, J, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Larsson, S, Latronico, L, Lavalley, C, Lemoine-Goumard, M, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lott, B, Lovellette, MN, Lubrano, P, Mazziotta, MN, McConville, W, McEnery, JE, Mehault, J, Michelson, PF, Mitthumsiri, W, Mizuno, T, Moiseev, AA, Monte, C, Monzani, ME, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, IV, Murgia, S, Naumann-Godo, M, Nemmen, R, Nishino, S, Norris, JP, Nuss, E, Ohno, M, Ohsugi, T, Okumura, A, Omodei, N, Orienti, M, Orlando, E, Ormes, JF, Paneque, D, Panetta, JH, Perkins, JS, Pesce-Rollins, M, Pierbattista, M, Piron, F, Pivato, G, Porter, TA, Racusin, JL, Rainò, S, Rando, R, Razzano, M, Razzaque, S, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Reposeur, T, Reyes, LC, Ritz, S, Rochester, LS, Romoli, C, Roth, M, Sadrozinski, HFW, Sanchez, DA, Saz Parkinson, PM, Sbarra, C, Scargle, JD, Sgrò, C, Siegal-Gaskins, J, Siskind, EJ, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Stephens, TE, Suson, DJ, Tajima, H, Takahashi, H, Tanaka, T, Thayer, JG, Thayer, JB, Thompson, DJ, Tibaldo, L, Tinivella, M, Tosti, G, Troja, E, Usher, TL, Vandenbroucke, J, Van Klaveren, B, Vasileiou, V, Vianello, G, Vitale, V, Waite, AP, Wallace, E, Winer, BL, Wood, DL, Wood, KS, Wood, M, Yang, Z & Zimmer, S 2012, 'The fermi large area telescope on orbit: Event classification, instrument response functions, and calibration', Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, vol. 203, no. 1, 4. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/203/1/4
    Ackermann M, Ajello M, Albert A, Allafort A, Atwood WB, Axelsson M et al. The fermi large area telescope on orbit: Event classification, instrument response functions, and calibration. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series. 2012 Nov;203(1). 4. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/203/1/4
    Ackermann, M. ; Ajello, M. ; Albert, A. ; Allafort, A. ; Atwood, W. B. ; Axelsson, M. ; Baldini, L. ; Ballet, J. ; Barbiellini, G. ; Bastieri, D. ; Bechtol, K. ; Bellazzini, R. ; Bissaldi, E. ; Blandford, R. D. ; Bloom, E. D. ; Bogart, J. R. ; Bonamente, E. ; Borgland, A. W. ; Bottacini, E. ; Bouvier, A. ; Brandt, T. J. ; Bregeon, J. ; Brigida, M. ; Bruel, P. ; Buehler, R. ; Burnett, T. H. ; Buson, S. ; Caliandro, G. A. ; Cameron, R. A. ; Caraveo, P. A. ; Casandjian, J. M. ; Cavazzuti, E. ; Cecchi, C. ; Çelik, Ö ; Charles, E. ; Chaves, R. C G ; Chekhtman, A. ; Cheung, C. C. ; Chiang, J. ; Ciprini, S. ; Claus, R. ; Cohen-Tanugi, J. ; Conrad, J. ; Corbet, R. ; Cutini, S. ; D'Ammando, F. ; Davis, D. S. ; De Angelis, A. ; Deklotz, M. ; De Palma, F. ; Dermer, C. D. ; Digel, S. W. ; Do Couto E Silva, E. ; Drell, P. S. ; Drlica-Wagner, A. ; Dubois, R. ; Favuzzi, C. ; Fegan, S. J. ; Ferrara, E. C. ; Focke, W. B. ; Fortin, P. ; Fukazawa, Y. ; Funk, S. ; Fusco, P. ; Gargano, F. ; Gasparrini, D. ; Gehrels, N. ; Giebels, B. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giordano, F. ; Giroletti, M. ; Glanzman, T. ; Godfrey, G. ; Grenier, I. A. ; Grove, J. E. ; Guiriec, S. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hayashida, M. ; Hays, E. ; Horan, D. ; Hou, X. ; Hughes, R. E. ; Jackson, M. S. ; Jogler, T. ; Jóhannesson, G. ; Johnson, R. P. ; Johnson, T. J. ; Johnson, W. N. ; Kamae, T. ; Katagiri, H. ; Kataoka, Jun ; Kerr, M. ; Knödlseder, J. ; Kuss, M. ; Lande, J. ; Larsson, S. ; Latronico, L. ; Lavalley, C. ; Lemoine-Goumard, M. ; Longo, F. ; Loparco, F. ; Lott, B. ; Lovellette, M. N. ; Lubrano, P. ; Mazziotta, M. N. ; McConville, W. ; McEnery, J. E. ; Mehault, J. ; Michelson, P. F. ; Mitthumsiri, W. ; Mizuno, T. ; Moiseev, A. A. ; Monte, C. ; Monzani, M. E. ; Morselli, A. ; Moskalenko, I. V. ; Murgia, S. ; Naumann-Godo, M. ; Nemmen, R. ; Nishino, S. ; Norris, J. P. ; Nuss, E. ; Ohno, M. ; Ohsugi, T. ; Okumura, A. ; Omodei, N. ; Orienti, M. ; Orlando, E. ; Ormes, J. F. ; Paneque, D. ; Panetta, J. H. ; Perkins, J. S. ; Pesce-Rollins, M. ; Pierbattista, M. ; Piron, F. ; Pivato, G. ; Porter, T. A. ; Racusin, J. L. ; Rainò, S. ; Rando, R. ; Razzano, M. ; Razzaque, S. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Reposeur, T. ; Reyes, L. C. ; Ritz, S. ; Rochester, L. S. ; Romoli, C. ; Roth, M. ; Sadrozinski, H. F W ; Sanchez, D. A. ; Saz Parkinson, P. M. ; Sbarra, C. ; Scargle, J. D. ; Sgrò, C. ; Siegal-Gaskins, J. ; Siskind, E. J. ; Spandre, G. ; Spinelli, P. ; Stephens, T. E. ; Suson, D. J. ; Tajima, H. ; Takahashi, H. ; Tanaka, T. ; Thayer, J. G. ; Thayer, J. B. ; Thompson, D. J. ; Tibaldo, L. ; Tinivella, M. ; Tosti, G. ; Troja, E. ; Usher, T. L. ; Vandenbroucke, J. ; Van Klaveren, B. ; Vasileiou, V. ; Vianello, G. ; Vitale, V. ; Waite, A. P. ; Wallace, E. ; Winer, B. L. ; Wood, D. L. ; Wood, K. S. ; Wood, M. ; Yang, Z. ; Zimmer, S. / The fermi large area telescope on orbit : Event classification, instrument response functions, and calibration. In: Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series. 2012 ; Vol. 203, No. 1.
    @article{d760086c4ede4c2fb54af80b48d5a127,
    title = "The fermi large area telescope on orbit: Event classification, instrument response functions, and calibration",
    abstract = "The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT, hereafter LAT), the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy γ-ray telescope, covering the energy range from 20MeV to more than 300GeV. During the first years of the mission, the LAT team has gained considerable insight into the in-flight performance of the instrument. Accordingly, we have updated the analysis used to reduce LAT data for public release as well as the instrument response functions (IRFs), the description of the instrument performance provided for data analysis. In this paper, we describe the effects that motivated these updates. Furthermore, we discuss how we originally derived IRFs from Monte Carlo simulations and later corrected those IRFs for discrepancies observed between flight and simulated data. We also give details of the validations performed using flight data and quantify the residual uncertainties in the IRFs. Finally, we describe techniques the LAT team has developed to propagate those uncertainties into estimates of the systematic errors on common measurements such as fluxes and spectra of astrophysical sources.",
    keywords = "Instrumentation: detectors, Instrumentation: miscellaneous, Methods: data analysis, Methods: observational, Telescopes",
    author = "M. Ackermann and M. Ajello and A. Albert and A. Allafort and Atwood, {W. B.} and M. Axelsson and L. Baldini and J. Ballet and G. Barbiellini and D. Bastieri and K. Bechtol and R. Bellazzini and E. Bissaldi and Blandford, {R. D.} and Bloom, {E. D.} and Bogart, {J. R.} and E. Bonamente and Borgland, {A. W.} and E. Bottacini and A. Bouvier and Brandt, {T. J.} and J. Bregeon and M. Brigida and P. Bruel and R. Buehler and Burnett, {T. H.} and S. Buson and Caliandro, {G. A.} and Cameron, {R. A.} and Caraveo, {P. A.} and Casandjian, {J. M.} and E. Cavazzuti and C. Cecchi and {\"O} {\cC}elik and E. Charles and Chaves, {R. C G} and A. Chekhtman and Cheung, {C. C.} and J. Chiang and S. Ciprini and R. Claus and J. Cohen-Tanugi and J. Conrad and R. Corbet and S. Cutini and F. D'Ammando and Davis, {D. S.} and {De Angelis}, A. and M. Deklotz and {De Palma}, F. and Dermer, {C. D.} and Digel, {S. W.} and {Do Couto E Silva}, E. and Drell, {P. S.} and A. Drlica-Wagner and R. Dubois and C. Favuzzi and Fegan, {S. J.} and Ferrara, {E. C.} and Focke, {W. B.} and P. Fortin and Y. Fukazawa and S. Funk and P. Fusco and F. Gargano and D. Gasparrini and N. Gehrels and B. Giebels and N. Giglietto and F. Giordano and M. Giroletti and T. Glanzman and G. Godfrey and Grenier, {I. A.} and Grove, {J. E.} and S. Guiriec and D. Hadasch and M. Hayashida and E. Hays and D. Horan and X. Hou and Hughes, {R. E.} and Jackson, {M. S.} and T. Jogler and G. J{\'o}hannesson and Johnson, {R. P.} and Johnson, {T. J.} and Johnson, {W. N.} and T. Kamae and H. Katagiri and Jun Kataoka and M. Kerr and J. Kn{\"o}dlseder and M. Kuss and J. Lande and S. Larsson and L. Latronico and C. Lavalley and M. Lemoine-Goumard and F. Longo and F. Loparco and B. Lott and Lovellette, {M. N.} and P. Lubrano and Mazziotta, {M. N.} and W. McConville and McEnery, {J. E.} and J. Mehault and Michelson, {P. F.} and W. Mitthumsiri and T. Mizuno and Moiseev, {A. A.} and C. Monte and Monzani, {M. E.} and A. Morselli and Moskalenko, {I. V.} and S. Murgia and M. Naumann-Godo and R. Nemmen and S. Nishino and Norris, {J. P.} and E. Nuss and M. Ohno and T. Ohsugi and A. Okumura and N. Omodei and M. Orienti and E. Orlando and Ormes, {J. F.} and D. Paneque and Panetta, {J. H.} and Perkins, {J. S.} and M. Pesce-Rollins and M. Pierbattista and F. Piron and G. Pivato and Porter, {T. A.} and Racusin, {J. L.} and S. Rain{\`o} and R. Rando and M. Razzano and S. Razzaque and A. Reimer and O. Reimer and T. Reposeur and Reyes, {L. C.} and S. Ritz and Rochester, {L. S.} and C. Romoli and M. Roth and Sadrozinski, {H. F W} and Sanchez, {D. A.} and {Saz Parkinson}, {P. M.} and C. Sbarra and Scargle, {J. D.} and C. Sgr{\`o} and J. Siegal-Gaskins and Siskind, {E. J.} and G. Spandre and P. Spinelli and Stephens, {T. E.} and Suson, {D. J.} and H. Tajima and H. Takahashi and T. Tanaka and Thayer, {J. G.} and Thayer, {J. B.} and Thompson, {D. J.} and L. Tibaldo and M. Tinivella and G. Tosti and E. Troja and Usher, {T. L.} and J. Vandenbroucke and {Van Klaveren}, B. and V. Vasileiou and G. Vianello and V. Vitale and Waite, {A. P.} and E. Wallace and Winer, {B. L.} and Wood, {D. L.} and Wood, {K. S.} and M. Wood and Z. Yang and S. Zimmer",
    year = "2012",
    month = "11",
    doi = "10.1088/0067-0049/203/1/4",
    language = "English",
    volume = "203",
    journal = "Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series",
    issn = "0067-0049",
    publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
    number = "1",

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    TY - JOUR

    T1 - The fermi large area telescope on orbit

    T2 - Event classification, instrument response functions, and calibration

    AU - Ackermann, M.

    AU - Ajello, M.

    AU - Albert, A.

    AU - Allafort, A.

    AU - Atwood, W. B.

    AU - Axelsson, M.

    AU - Baldini, L.

    AU - Ballet, J.

    AU - Barbiellini, G.

    AU - Bastieri, D.

    AU - Bechtol, K.

    AU - Bellazzini, R.

    AU - Bissaldi, E.

    AU - Blandford, R. D.

    AU - Bloom, E. D.

    AU - Bogart, J. R.

    AU - Bonamente, E.

    AU - Borgland, A. W.

    AU - Bottacini, E.

    AU - Bouvier, A.

    AU - Brandt, T. J.

    AU - Bregeon, J.

    AU - Brigida, M.

    AU - Bruel, P.

    AU - Buehler, R.

    AU - Burnett, T. H.

    AU - Buson, S.

    AU - Caliandro, G. A.

    AU - Cameron, R. A.

    AU - Caraveo, P. A.

    AU - Casandjian, J. M.

    AU - Cavazzuti, E.

    AU - Cecchi, C.

    AU - Çelik, Ö

    AU - Charles, E.

    AU - Chaves, R. C G

    AU - Chekhtman, A.

    AU - Cheung, C. C.

    AU - Chiang, J.

    AU - Ciprini, S.

    AU - Claus, R.

    AU - Cohen-Tanugi, J.

    AU - Conrad, J.

    AU - Corbet, R.

    AU - Cutini, S.

    AU - D'Ammando, F.

    AU - Davis, D. S.

    AU - De Angelis, A.

    AU - Deklotz, M.

    AU - De Palma, F.

    AU - Dermer, C. D.

    AU - Digel, S. W.

    AU - Do Couto E Silva, E.

    AU - Drell, P. S.

    AU - Drlica-Wagner, A.

    AU - Dubois, R.

    AU - Favuzzi, C.

    AU - Fegan, S. J.

    AU - Ferrara, E. C.

    AU - Focke, W. B.

    AU - Fortin, P.

    AU - Fukazawa, Y.

    AU - Funk, S.

    AU - Fusco, P.

    AU - Gargano, F.

    AU - Gasparrini, D.

    AU - Gehrels, N.

    AU - Giebels, B.

    AU - Giglietto, N.

    AU - Giordano, F.

    AU - Giroletti, M.

    AU - Glanzman, T.

    AU - Godfrey, G.

    AU - Grenier, I. A.

    AU - Grove, J. E.

    AU - Guiriec, S.

    AU - Hadasch, D.

    AU - Hayashida, M.

    AU - Hays, E.

    AU - Horan, D.

    AU - Hou, X.

    AU - Hughes, R. E.

    AU - Jackson, M. S.

    AU - Jogler, T.

    AU - Jóhannesson, G.

    AU - Johnson, R. P.

    AU - Johnson, T. J.

    AU - Johnson, W. N.

    AU - Kamae, T.

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    PY - 2012/11

    Y1 - 2012/11

    N2 - The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT, hereafter LAT), the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy γ-ray telescope, covering the energy range from 20MeV to more than 300GeV. During the first years of the mission, the LAT team has gained considerable insight into the in-flight performance of the instrument. Accordingly, we have updated the analysis used to reduce LAT data for public release as well as the instrument response functions (IRFs), the description of the instrument performance provided for data analysis. In this paper, we describe the effects that motivated these updates. Furthermore, we discuss how we originally derived IRFs from Monte Carlo simulations and later corrected those IRFs for discrepancies observed between flight and simulated data. We also give details of the validations performed using flight data and quantify the residual uncertainties in the IRFs. Finally, we describe techniques the LAT team has developed to propagate those uncertainties into estimates of the systematic errors on common measurements such as fluxes and spectra of astrophysical sources.

    AB - The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT, hereafter LAT), the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy γ-ray telescope, covering the energy range from 20MeV to more than 300GeV. During the first years of the mission, the LAT team has gained considerable insight into the in-flight performance of the instrument. Accordingly, we have updated the analysis used to reduce LAT data for public release as well as the instrument response functions (IRFs), the description of the instrument performance provided for data analysis. In this paper, we describe the effects that motivated these updates. Furthermore, we discuss how we originally derived IRFs from Monte Carlo simulations and later corrected those IRFs for discrepancies observed between flight and simulated data. We also give details of the validations performed using flight data and quantify the residual uncertainties in the IRFs. Finally, we describe techniques the LAT team has developed to propagate those uncertainties into estimates of the systematic errors on common measurements such as fluxes and spectra of astrophysical sources.

    KW - Instrumentation: detectors

    KW - Instrumentation: miscellaneous

    KW - Methods: data analysis

    KW - Methods: observational

    KW - Telescopes

    UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84867658690&partnerID=8YFLogxK

    UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84867658690&partnerID=8YFLogxK

    U2 - 10.1088/0067-0049/203/1/4

    DO - 10.1088/0067-0049/203/1/4

    M3 - Article

    VL - 203

    JO - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series

    JF - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series

    SN - 0067-0049

    IS - 1

    M1 - 4

    ER -

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