Abstract
Let X be a one-dimensional metric space and ℍ be the Hawaiian earring.(1) Each homomorphism from π1(ℍ) to π1(X) is induced from a continuous map up to the base-point-change isomorphism on π1(X).(2) Let X be a one-dimensional Peano continuum. Then X has the same homotopy type as that of ℍ if and only if π1(X) is isomorphic to π1(ℍ), if and only if X has a unique point at which X is not semi-locally simply connected. (3) Let X and Y be one-dimensional Peano continua which are not semi-locally simply connected at any point. Then, X and Y are homeomorphic if and only if π1(X) and π1(Y) are isomorphic. Moreover, each isomorphism from π1(X) to π1(Y) is induced by a homeomorphism from X to Y up to the base-point-change-isomorphism.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 479-505 |
Number of pages | 27 |
Journal | Topology and its Applications |
Volume | 123 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2002 Sept 30 |
Keywords
- Fundamental group
- Hawaiian earring
- One-dimensional
- Spatial homomorphism
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geometry and Topology