Ultra-processed food consumption and adult diabetes risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Sajjad Moradi; Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani; Reza Bagheri; Hamed Mohammadi; Ahmad Jayedi; Melissa M. Lane; Omid Asbaghi; Sanaz Mehrabani; Katsuhiko Suzuki

doi:10.3390/nu13124410

Ultra-processed food consumption and adult diabetes risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Sajjad Moradi, Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani, Reza Bagheri, Hamed Mohammadi, Ahmad Jayedi, Melissa M. Lane, Omid Asbaghi, Sanaz Mehrabani^*, Katsuhiko Suzuki

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Sport Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

(1) Background: Recent individual studies have demonstrated that consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) may be related to type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to synthe-size the results from these individual studies by conducting an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating the association between UPF consumption and the risk of T2DM. (2) Methods: A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus electronic databases from inception up to August 2021. Data were extracted from five studies (one cross-sectional study and four cohort studies, totaling 230,526 adults from four different countries). Risk ratios (RR) of pooled results were estimated using a random-effects model. (3) Results: Our results revealed that higher UPF consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.22; I² = 68.9%; p < 0.001; n = 5). Linear dose-response analysis indicated that each 10% increase in UPF consumption (kcal/d) was associated with a 15% higher risk of T2DM (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.26; I² = 86.0%; p < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. Non-linear dose-response analysis demonstrated a positive linear association between UPF consumption and T2DM (p_nonlinearity = 0.13, p_{dose-response} < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. (4) Conclusions: A higher intake of UPF was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM. However, underlying mechanisms remain unknown and future experimental studies are warranted.

Original language	English
Article number	4410
Journal	Nutrients
Volume	13
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124410
Publication status	Published - 2021 Dec

Keywords

Diabetes risk
Meta-analysis
Ultra-processed food

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Food Science
Nutrition and Dietetics

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10.3390/nu13124410

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@article{38020e4a18114b10a7381d8c337ddd83,

title = "Ultra-processed food consumption and adult diabetes risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis",

abstract = "(1) Background: Recent individual studies have demonstrated that consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) may be related to type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to synthe-size the results from these individual studies by conducting an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating the association between UPF consumption and the risk of T2DM. (2) Methods: A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus electronic databases from inception up to August 2021. Data were extracted from five studies (one cross-sectional study and four cohort studies, totaling 230,526 adults from four different countries). Risk ratios (RR) of pooled results were estimated using a random-effects model. (3) Results: Our results revealed that higher UPF consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.22; I2 = 68.9%; p < 0.001; n = 5). Linear dose-response analysis indicated that each 10% increase in UPF consumption (kcal/d) was associated with a 15% higher risk of T2DM (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.26; I2 = 86.0%; p < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. Non-linear dose-response analysis demonstrated a positive linear association between UPF consumption and T2DM (pnonlinearity = 0.13, pdose-response < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. (4) Conclusions: A higher intake of UPF was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM. However, underlying mechanisms remain unknown and future experimental studies are warranted.",

keywords = "Diabetes risk, Meta-analysis, Ultra-processed food",

author = "Sajjad Moradi and Kermani, {Mohammad Ali Hojjati} and Reza Bagheri and Hamed Mohammadi and Ahmad Jayedi and Lane, {Melissa M.} and Omid Asbaghi and Sanaz Mehrabani and Katsuhiko Suzuki",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2021",

month = dec,

doi = "10.3390/nu13124410",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

journal = "Nutrients",

issn = "2072-6643",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "12",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Ultra-processed food consumption and adult diabetes risk

T2 - A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

AU - Moradi, Sajjad

AU - Kermani, Mohammad Ali Hojjati

AU - Bagheri, Reza

AU - Mohammadi, Hamed

AU - Jayedi, Ahmad

AU - Lane, Melissa M.

AU - Asbaghi, Omid

AU - Mehrabani, Sanaz

AU - Suzuki, Katsuhiko

PY - 2021/12

Y1 - 2021/12

N2 - (1) Background: Recent individual studies have demonstrated that consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) may be related to type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to synthe-size the results from these individual studies by conducting an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating the association between UPF consumption and the risk of T2DM. (2) Methods: A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus electronic databases from inception up to August 2021. Data were extracted from five studies (one cross-sectional study and four cohort studies, totaling 230,526 adults from four different countries). Risk ratios (RR) of pooled results were estimated using a random-effects model. (3) Results: Our results revealed that higher UPF consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.22; I2 = 68.9%; p < 0.001; n = 5). Linear dose-response analysis indicated that each 10% increase in UPF consumption (kcal/d) was associated with a 15% higher risk of T2DM (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.26; I2 = 86.0%; p < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. Non-linear dose-response analysis demonstrated a positive linear association between UPF consumption and T2DM (pnonlinearity = 0.13, pdose-response < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. (4) Conclusions: A higher intake of UPF was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM. However, underlying mechanisms remain unknown and future experimental studies are warranted.

AB - (1) Background: Recent individual studies have demonstrated that consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) may be related to type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to synthe-size the results from these individual studies by conducting an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating the association between UPF consumption and the risk of T2DM. (2) Methods: A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus electronic databases from inception up to August 2021. Data were extracted from five studies (one cross-sectional study and four cohort studies, totaling 230,526 adults from four different countries). Risk ratios (RR) of pooled results were estimated using a random-effects model. (3) Results: Our results revealed that higher UPF consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.22; I2 = 68.9%; p < 0.001; n = 5). Linear dose-response analysis indicated that each 10% increase in UPF consumption (kcal/d) was associated with a 15% higher risk of T2DM (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.26; I2 = 86.0%; p < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. Non-linear dose-response analysis demonstrated a positive linear association between UPF consumption and T2DM (pnonlinearity = 0.13, pdose-response < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. (4) Conclusions: A higher intake of UPF was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM. However, underlying mechanisms remain unknown and future experimental studies are warranted.

KW - Diabetes risk

KW - Meta-analysis

KW - Ultra-processed food

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U2 - 10.3390/nu13124410

DO - 10.3390/nu13124410

M3 - Review article

C2 - 34959961

AN - SCOPUS:85120823864

SN - 2072-6643

VL - 13

JO - Nutrients

JF - Nutrients

IS - 12

M1 - 4410

ER -

Ultra-processed food consumption and adult diabetes risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

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Keywords

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