TY - JOUR
T1 - Common-acoustical-pole and zero modeling of head-related transfer functions
AU - Haneda, Yoichi
AU - Makino, Shoji
AU - Kaneda, Yutaka
AU - Kitawaki, Nobuhiko
PY - 1999
Y1 - 1999
N2 - Use of a common-acoustical-pole and zero model is proposed for modeling head-related transfer functions (HRTF's) for various directions of sound incidence. The HRTF's are expressed using the common acoustical poles, which do not depend on the source directions, and the zeros, which do. The common acoustical poles are estimated as they are common to HRTF's for various source directions; the estimated values of the poles agree well with the resonance frequencies of the ear canal. Because this model uses only the zeros to express the HRTF variations due to changes in source direction, it requires fewer parameters (the order of the zeros) that depend on the source direction than do the conventional all-zero or pole/zero models. Furthermore, the proposed model can extract the zeros that are missed in the conventional models because of pole-zero cancellation. As a result, the directional dependence of the zeros can be traced well. Analysis of the zeros for HRTF's on the horizontal plane showed that the nonminimum-phase zero variation was well formulated using a simple pinna-reflection model. The common-acousticalpole and zero (CAPZ) model is thus effective for modeling and analyzing HRTF's.
AB - Use of a common-acoustical-pole and zero model is proposed for modeling head-related transfer functions (HRTF's) for various directions of sound incidence. The HRTF's are expressed using the common acoustical poles, which do not depend on the source directions, and the zeros, which do. The common acoustical poles are estimated as they are common to HRTF's for various source directions; the estimated values of the poles agree well with the resonance frequencies of the ear canal. Because this model uses only the zeros to express the HRTF variations due to changes in source direction, it requires fewer parameters (the order of the zeros) that depend on the source direction than do the conventional all-zero or pole/zero models. Furthermore, the proposed model can extract the zeros that are missed in the conventional models because of pole-zero cancellation. As a result, the directional dependence of the zeros can be traced well. Analysis of the zeros for HRTF's on the horizontal plane showed that the nonminimum-phase zero variation was well formulated using a simple pinna-reflection model. The common-acousticalpole and zero (CAPZ) model is thus effective for modeling and analyzing HRTF's.
KW - Head-related transfer function
KW - Modeling
KW - Nonminimum-phase zeros
KW - Poles and zeros
KW - Resonance frequency
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0033100241&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0033100241&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/89.748123
DO - 10.1109/89.748123
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0033100241
VL - 7
SP - 188
EP - 195
JO - IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing
JF - IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing
SN - 1063-6676
IS - 2
ER -