抄録
The irreversible relaxation to equilibrium is explained for macroscopic quantum systems with an emphasis on the behavior of expectation values and extremely high dimensionality of the Hilbert space. We consider a large but isolated system that is initially out of equilibrium and eventually relaxes to equilibrium. The relaxation is described by the deviation of the expectation value of the quantity of interest from the long-time average. After relaxation, the amount of deviation from equilibrium is discussed based on probabilistic arguments, which are available for nonintegrable systems. We also evaluate how long the system stays near equilibrium.
本文言語 | English |
---|---|
論文番号 | 014043 |
ジャーナル | Physica Scripta |
号 | T151 |
DOI | |
出版ステータス | Published - 2012 11月 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- 凝縮系物理学
- 原子分子物理学および光学
- 数理物理学
- 物理学および天文学(全般)