TY - JOUR
T1 - Preemptive striking in individual and group conflict
AU - Mifune, Nobuhiro
AU - Hizen, Yoichi
AU - Kamijo, Yoshio
AU - Okano, Yoshitaka
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists [B] 26780344 for NM, Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research 26590044 for YH, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research [B] 26285047 for YK, and Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research 25590046 for YO, URL is http://www.jsps.go.jp/english/index.html). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Mifune et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2016/5
Y1 - 2016/5
N2 - In this study, we conducted a laboratory experiment to assess preemptive striking by and towards individuals or groups. In the framework of a preemptive strike game, we set the following four conditions: one person faced another person, one person faced a three-person group, a three-person group faced an individual, and a three-person group faced another three-person group. Previous studies have revealed that greed is activated when participants belong to a group, while fear is activated when participants interact with a group, and further, that attacking behaviors in the preemptive strike game are driven by fear. These observations led to a hypothesis that high attack rates would be realized when participants interact with a group, regardless of whether the participants make decisions as individuals or a group. The results of our experiment, however, rejected this hypothesis. Among the four conditions, the attack rate was highest when a three-person group faced an individual. As possible reasons for our observation, we discuss the potential threat stemming from the imbalance in the effectiveness of attack between individuals and groups, and the (incorrect) belief by groups that single individuals would be more likely to attack out of fear.
AB - In this study, we conducted a laboratory experiment to assess preemptive striking by and towards individuals or groups. In the framework of a preemptive strike game, we set the following four conditions: one person faced another person, one person faced a three-person group, a three-person group faced an individual, and a three-person group faced another three-person group. Previous studies have revealed that greed is activated when participants belong to a group, while fear is activated when participants interact with a group, and further, that attacking behaviors in the preemptive strike game are driven by fear. These observations led to a hypothesis that high attack rates would be realized when participants interact with a group, regardless of whether the participants make decisions as individuals or a group. The results of our experiment, however, rejected this hypothesis. Among the four conditions, the attack rate was highest when a three-person group faced an individual. As possible reasons for our observation, we discuss the potential threat stemming from the imbalance in the effectiveness of attack between individuals and groups, and the (incorrect) belief by groups that single individuals would be more likely to attack out of fear.
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U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0154859
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0154859
M3 - Article
C2 - 27148871
AN - SCOPUS:85012073511
VL - 11
JO - PLoS One
JF - PLoS One
SN - 1932-6203
IS - 5
M1 - e0154859
ER -