Safety evaluation of inner gallery in Bayon temple by DEM with preliminary experiments

Bayon temple in Angkor Cambodia is a dry masonry heritage architecture built in the 13th century. We measured settlement and inclination of columns in the inner gallery and found that inclination of columns has larger correlation with gaps of roof stones compared to column base settlement. Then the threshold angle of inclination for safety and possible measures for restraining gap developments have been studied by Distinct Element Method (DEM).A coefficient of friction and contact spring constants necessary for DEM were provided by standard friction tests and simulation of small scale corbel arch experiments. These constants were examined by the simulation of static experiments of the small scale inner gallery model. Finally, we adapted DEM to the real scale inner gallery prototype model to find that the threshold inclination angle is 1/41 and the most effective reinforcement is direct constraint of stones at the roof, where the gap is developing.