TY - JOUR
T1 - Separation of cathode particles and aluminum current foil in Lithium-Ion battery by high-voltage pulsed discharge Part I
T2 - Experimental investigation
AU - Tokoro, Chiharu
AU - Lim, Soowon
AU - Teruya, Kaito
AU - Kondo, Masataka
AU - Mochidzuki, Kazuhiro
AU - Namihira, Takao
AU - Kikuchi, Yasunori
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by JST-Mirai Program Grant Number JPMJMI19C7, Japan. Part of this work was performed under activities of the Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering and Research Organization for Open Innovation Strategy, Waseda University. The synchrotron radiation experiments were performed using a BL14B2 beamline of SPring-8, with approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (Proposal No. 2019A1777). We thank Edanz Group (https://en-author-services.edanz.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/4/15
Y1 - 2021/4/15
N2 - To enable effective reuse and recycling processes of spent lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), here we develop a novel electrical method based on a high-voltage pulsed discharge to separate cathode particles and aluminum (Al) foil. A cathode particle sample was mechanically separated from a LiB, cut into 30-mm × 80-mm test pieces, and subjected to a high-voltage electrical pulse discharge from either end in water. At a voltage of 25 kV, 93.9% of the cathode particles separated from the Al foil. These particles were easily recovered by sieving at 2.36 mm because the Al foil retained its shape. Some Al contaminated the particles owing to generation of hot plasma and subsequent shock waves; however, the Al concentration in the recovered cathode particles was limited to 2.95%, which is low enough to allow for further cobalt and nickel recovery by hydrometallurgical processing. The results of heat balance calculations obtained from the current waveforms suggested that polyvinylidene fluoride, the main component of the adhesive in the cathode particle layers, melted and lost its adhesion through Joule heating of the Al foil at the maximum current of 19.0 kA at 25 kV. Almost 99% of the recovered cathode particles maintained their chemical composition and form after separation, and therefore could potentially be directly reused in LiBs.
AB - To enable effective reuse and recycling processes of spent lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), here we develop a novel electrical method based on a high-voltage pulsed discharge to separate cathode particles and aluminum (Al) foil. A cathode particle sample was mechanically separated from a LiB, cut into 30-mm × 80-mm test pieces, and subjected to a high-voltage electrical pulse discharge from either end in water. At a voltage of 25 kV, 93.9% of the cathode particles separated from the Al foil. These particles were easily recovered by sieving at 2.36 mm because the Al foil retained its shape. Some Al contaminated the particles owing to generation of hot plasma and subsequent shock waves; however, the Al concentration in the recovered cathode particles was limited to 2.95%, which is low enough to allow for further cobalt and nickel recovery by hydrometallurgical processing. The results of heat balance calculations obtained from the current waveforms suggested that polyvinylidene fluoride, the main component of the adhesive in the cathode particle layers, melted and lost its adhesion through Joule heating of the Al foil at the maximum current of 19.0 kA at 25 kV. Almost 99% of the recovered cathode particles maintained their chemical composition and form after separation, and therefore could potentially be directly reused in LiBs.
KW - Cobalt recovery
KW - Electrical disintegration
KW - Lithium-ion battery
KW - Positive electrode
KW - Recycling
KW - Reuse
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102053021&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85102053021&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.008
DO - 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.008
M3 - Article
C2 - 33684665
AN - SCOPUS:85102053021
VL - 125
SP - 58
EP - 66
JO - Waste Management
JF - Waste Management
SN - 0956-053X
ER -