Study of the effect of atrial contraction on mitral prosthetic valve by high speed video camera

To clarify the effect of atrial contraction on the dynamic behavior of mitral prosthetic valves, a mechanical mock circulatory system has been developed. It is able to simulate the inflow characteristics during diastole. The disc motions of Bjork-Shiley Monostrut (BSM29) and CarboMedics (CM29) valves (both with an annulus diameter of 29 mm) were measured and compared with a high speed video camera. After contraction of the artificial atrium (100 ms), there was a delay of 75 ms before the onset of the ventricular contraction. Mitral flow similar to physiological conditions could be achieved. The BSM29 was tested in the anterior-position (a) and the posterior position (p). Under the condition of active atrial contraction (AC), we confirmed that the closing motion was initiated and the period during closing motion (PDCM) was prolonged (BSM29[a]: 22.4 ± 3.4 → 63 ± 3.2; BSM29[p]: 71.2 ± 38 → 94.2 ± 11; and CM29: 14 ± 0.0 → 28.4 ± 2.3 [unit: ms]), the prolongation of the PDCM of the CM29 due to the AC being smaller than that of the BSM29. We also confirmed that the closing volume (CV) increased slightly (BSM29 [a]: 7.8 ± 0.4 → 8.5 ± 0.8; BSM29[p]: 6.9 ± 0.6 → 7.0 ± 0.5; and CM29: 3.6 ± 0.6 → 4.1 ± 0.6 [unit: ml]). The CM29 had a shorter PDCM, less prolongation of the PDCM due to the AC, and less CV than the BSM29. Thus, we confirmed that the CM29 produced better response at valve closure than the BSM29.