抄録
Introduction For a model of a production process to be valid in the real world, it has to take proper account of the principles of thermodynamics. Production models in economics are no exception. The conservation of mass requires that proper attention be paid to the mass balance between inputs and outputs entering and leaving a given production process. An increase of entropy implies the generation of process waste in the production phase and the reduction in the purity of materials in the use and end-of-life (EoL) phases. Because process waste is generated in the production phase, it should be classified as an output if the mass balance between inputs and outputs is to be established. The reduction in the purity of materials in the use phase is relevant for materials made of polymers, such as paper, textile, and plastics, whose chemical bindings loosen over time. On the other hand, for metals such as iron, copper, or aluminum, such a decline in quality in the use phase will not occur [except for possible corrosions (oxidization)] because these metals are elements. In fact, it is not the use phase but the EoL phase in which a serious reduction in the quality of metal materials can occur because of the mixing-up of diverse metal elements or the “contamination” of pure elements with other elements in minor quantities (tramp elements).
| 元の言語 | English |
|---|---|
| ホスト出版物のタイトル | Thermodynamics and the Destruction of Resources |
| 出版者 | Cambridge University Press |
| ページ | 334-362 |
| ページ数 | 29 |
| ISBN（印刷物） | 9780511976049, 9780521884556 |
| DOI | |
| 出版物ステータス | Published - 2011 1 1 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Engineering(all)
これを引用
Synthesis of material flow analysis and input–output analysis. / Nakamura, Shinichiro.
Thermodynamics and the Destruction of Resources. Cambridge University Press, 2011. p. 334-362.研究成果: Chapter
}
TY - CHAP
T1 - Synthesis of material flow analysis and input–output analysis
AU - Nakamura, Shinichiro
PY - 2011/1/1
Y1 - 2011/1/1
N2 - Introduction For a model of a production process to be valid in the real world, it has to take proper account of the principles of thermodynamics. Production models in economics are no exception. The conservation of mass requires that proper attention be paid to the mass balance between inputs and outputs entering and leaving a given production process. An increase of entropy implies the generation of process waste in the production phase and the reduction in the purity of materials in the use and end-of-life (EoL) phases. Because process waste is generated in the production phase, it should be classified as an output if the mass balance between inputs and outputs is to be established. The reduction in the purity of materials in the use phase is relevant for materials made of polymers, such as paper, textile, and plastics, whose chemical bindings loosen over time. On the other hand, for metals such as iron, copper, or aluminum, such a decline in quality in the use phase will not occur [except for possible corrosions (oxidization)] because these metals are elements. In fact, it is not the use phase but the EoL phase in which a serious reduction in the quality of metal materials can occur because of the mixing-up of diverse metal elements or the “contamination” of pure elements with other elements in minor quantities (tramp elements).
AB - Introduction For a model of a production process to be valid in the real world, it has to take proper account of the principles of thermodynamics. Production models in economics are no exception. The conservation of mass requires that proper attention be paid to the mass balance between inputs and outputs entering and leaving a given production process. An increase of entropy implies the generation of process waste in the production phase and the reduction in the purity of materials in the use and end-of-life (EoL) phases. Because process waste is generated in the production phase, it should be classified as an output if the mass balance between inputs and outputs is to be established. The reduction in the purity of materials in the use phase is relevant for materials made of polymers, such as paper, textile, and plastics, whose chemical bindings loosen over time. On the other hand, for metals such as iron, copper, or aluminum, such a decline in quality in the use phase will not occur [except for possible corrosions (oxidization)] because these metals are elements. In fact, it is not the use phase but the EoL phase in which a serious reduction in the quality of metal materials can occur because of the mixing-up of diverse metal elements or the “contamination” of pure elements with other elements in minor quantities (tramp elements).
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U2 - 10.1017/CBO9780511976049.017
DO - 10.1017/CBO9780511976049.017
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:84926091125
SN - 9780511976049
SN - 9780521884556
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EP - 362
BT - Thermodynamics and the Destruction of Resources
PB - Cambridge University Press
ER -