The spatial feature and use pattern of external space in Chongqing traditional urban settlement

The importance of external space in residential areas is well-established in academic circles, and the spatial feature and use pattern have emerged as key aspects for relevant discussion. Research regarding the external space in urban settlements primarily involves relational holistic studies by western scholars and micro-observations by oriental scholars; both approaches have their own limitations. The research presented herein (i) studies external space as a physical space, categorizes the external space characteristics of Chongqing’s Shibanpo traditional settlements at three microscopic levels (i.e., upper elements, side elements, and bottom elements), (ii) conducts on-site observations of the use pattern of external space, and (iii) evaluates the interactions between spatial features and use patterns, as well as their joint effects on the development of the external space in the traditional urban settlement. The results indicate that various spatial elements can influence utilization behavior, and this relationship is discussed in detail to provide a foundation to guide future research and decision-making efforts.