TY - JOUR
T1 - Typical pure nonequilibrium steady states
AU - Monnai, Takaaki
AU - Yuasa, Kazuya
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2014/8/1
Y1 - 2014/8/1
N2 - We show that typicality holds for a class of nonequilibrium systems, i.e., nonequilibrium steady states (NESSs): almost all the pure states properly sampled from a certain Hilbert space well represent a NESS and characterize its intrinsic thermal nature. We clarify the relevant Hilbert space from which the pure states are to be sampled, and construct practically all the typical pure NESSs. The scattering approach leads us to the natural extension of the typicality for equilibrium systems. Each pure NESS correctly yields the expectation values of observables given by the standard ensemble approach. It means that we can calculate the expectation values in a NESS with only a single pure NESS. We provide an explicit construction of the typical pure NESS for a model with two reservoirs, and see that it correctly reproduces the Landauer-type formula for the current flowing steadily between the reservoirs.
AB - We show that typicality holds for a class of nonequilibrium systems, i.e., nonequilibrium steady states (NESSs): almost all the pure states properly sampled from a certain Hilbert space well represent a NESS and characterize its intrinsic thermal nature. We clarify the relevant Hilbert space from which the pure states are to be sampled, and construct practically all the typical pure NESSs. The scattering approach leads us to the natural extension of the typicality for equilibrium systems. Each pure NESS correctly yields the expectation values of observables given by the standard ensemble approach. It means that we can calculate the expectation values in a NESS with only a single pure NESS. We provide an explicit construction of the typical pure NESS for a model with two reservoirs, and see that it correctly reproduces the Landauer-type formula for the current flowing steadily between the reservoirs.
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U2 - 10.1209/0295-5075/107/40006
DO - 10.1209/0295-5075/107/40006
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84907324641
VL - 107
JO - Lettere Al Nuovo Cimento
JF - Lettere Al Nuovo Cimento
SN - 0295-5075
IS - 4
M1 - 40006
ER -